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CFD 11 Month > IFSTA CH 13 Fire Hose Operations > Flashcards

IFSTA CH 13 Fire Hose Operations Flashcards

1
Q

fire hydrants

A

most dependable source of water

can provide a consistent volume of water under constant pressure

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2
Q

Failures or reduction is water supply or pressure from hydrants can result from:

A

Damage hydrant valves and connections

Broken water mains

Greater demand than the system can provide

Hydrants located on dead-end water mains

Closed isolation valves

Restricted mains

Pipes or hydrants that are frozen

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3
Q

Hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard if they contain the following two components:

A

At least one large outlet often referred to as the pumper outlet nozzle* or steamer connection*

Two hose outlets nozzles for 65mm couplings

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4
Q

Dry-barrel hydrants

A

Designed for use in climates with freezing temperatures, the main control valve of the dry-valve hydrant is located at the base or foot of the hydrant below the frost line and it has an isolated valve on the distribution line

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5
Q

Wet-barrel hydrants

A

Have water in the hydrant at all times

These hydrants are usually installed in climates without prolonged periods of subfreezing weather

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6
Q

When a hydrant is taken out-of-service, the water department or fire department should take the following actions:

A

Place “out-of-service” tags or device on the hydrant

Notify fire station personnel within the response district

Notify hydrant repair personnel

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7
Q

reasons for a hydrant to be out-of-service:

A

Damage to the hydrant, water system piping or pump that support that location

Repairs or upgrades being performed on the water system

Obstructions placed within the hydrant

A frozen hydrant during extreme cold temperatures

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8
Q

fire hydrant connection tools

A

spanner wrenches
hydrant wrenches
rubber mallet
gate valves
hydrant valves

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9
Q

hydrant valves has four main functions

A

Allow additional hose lines to be laid to the hydrant

Connect a supply pumper to the hydrant

Boost the pressure in the original supply line without interrupting the flow of water in the line

Allow the original supply line to be connected to the hydrant and charged before the arrival of another pumper at the hydrant

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10
Q

personnel should operate and inspect hydrants at least

A

once a year to verify reliable function and address repairs needed

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11
Q

two common water supply operations

A

water shuttle operations

relay pumping

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12
Q

static water sources

A

lakes
ponds
rivers
swimming pools
large above ground animal watering tanks
portable water tanks

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13
Q

intake strainders

A

are attached to the drafting end of a hard-suction hose when pumping from a static water source

they are designed to keep debris from entering the apparatus or portable pump

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14
Q

water shuttle operations

A

Involve hauling water from a supply source to the incident scene

The water is then transferred to an attack pumpers tank or to portable tanks from which water may be drawn to fight a fire

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15
Q

three key components to water shuttle operations

A

dump site at the fire

fill site at the water source

mobile water supply apparatus to haul water from the fill site to the dump site

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16
Q

two types of portable water tanks

A

One is collapsible or folding style that uses a square metal frame and a synthetic or canvas duck liner

Round, self-supporting synthetic tank with a floating collar that rises as the tank is filled

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17
Q

portable tank should be positioned

A

in a location that allows easy access from multiple directions but does not inhibit access of other apparatus to the fire scene

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18
Q

four basic methods to unload mobile water supply apparatus include

A

Gravity dumping through large dump valves

Jet-assist dumps that increase the flow rate

Apparatus-mounted pumps that off-load the water

Combination of these methods

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19
Q

hose deployment tools

A

Hose deployment tools assist with the movement, handling, protection and connecting of hose

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20
Q

hose bridge or ramp

A

prevent damage to fire hose when vehicles must drive over it

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21
Q

chafing block

A

charged hose line vibrate and rub against other surfaces which can cause abrasions

chafing block protect hose from these abrasions

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22
Q

hose appliance

A

any hardware used with fire hose to control the flow of water and create pathways for water through hose layouts

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23
Q

hose appliance - valves

A

ball
butterfly
clapper
gate

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24
Q

ball valves

A

used in pumper discharge and gated wyes

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25
Q

butterfly valves

A

used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees

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26
Q

clapper valves

A

used in Siamese appliances and fire department connections to allow water flow in one direction only

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27
Q

clapper valves prevent

A

water from flowing out of unused ports when one intake hose is connected and charged before adding more hose

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28
Q

gate valves

A

used to control the flow from a hydrant

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29
Q

wye appliances

A

divide a single hose line into two or more lines

Have a single female inlet and multiple male outlet connections

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30
Q

siamese appliances

A

combines multiple lines into one line

These appliances permit supply hose lines to be laid parallel to supply a pumper or high-output device

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31
Q

water thief appliances

A

water thief resembles a wye appliance however there is an inlet and outlet of matching size combined with smaller outlets that “steal” water from the main line

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32
Q

fittings

A

Connect hoses and outlets of different diameters and thread types

They also protect the couplings on standpipes and on apparatus intakes and outlets

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33
Q

two main types of fittings

A

adapters

reducers

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34
Q

adapters

A

is a fitting that connects hose couplings with similar threads and the same inside diameter

Double-male and double-female

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35
Q

reducers

A

they are used to connect smaller-diameter hose line to the end of a larger one

36
Q

Forward lay

A

Hose is deployed from the water source to the incident

37
Q

Primary advantage of a forward lay

A

is that a pumper can remain at the incident scene so its hose, equipment and tools are readily available if needed

38
Q

reverse lay

A

When a pumper must go to the fire location before laying a supply line, a reverse hose lay should be deployed from the incident scene to the water source

39
Q

Deploying a reverse hose lay can delay the initial fire attack

A

Personnel must remove tools and equipment, including attack hose, from the apparatus and place them at the fire scene before the apparatus proceeds to the water source

40
Q

Advancing Hose into a Structure

A

A firefighter may need to remain at each corner or doorway to help guide the hose line into the structure

41
Q

Advancing hose up and down stairways

A

Lay the uncharged hose against the outside wall to keep the stairs as clear as possible and avoid sharp bends and kinks in the hose

When advancing a charge hose line up a stairway, excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor

42
Q

Standpipe operations

A

Hose must be carried to the fire floor over an aerial ladder or up an interior stairway

Crews normally stop one floor below the fire floor and connect the attach hose line to the standpipe

If the standpipe is in an enclosed stairway, it is acceptable to connect on the fire floor

43
Q

Following factors affect the hose stream:

A

Velocity of the water/extinguishing agent
Gravity
Wind direction and velocity
Air friction
Operating pressure
Nozzle design and adjustment
Condition of the nozzle opening

44
Q

A smooth bore nozzle produces

A

a tightly-packed solid stream of water

45
Q

an adjustable pattern spray nozzle produces

A

fog or straight stream

46
Q

At 212 degrees Fahrenheit water expands

A

to approximately 1700 times its original volume as it turns to steam

47
Q

two general categories of hose stream nozzles

A

straight tip nozzles (smooth bore)

Spray nozzles (fog nozzles)

48
Q

straight tip nozzles (smooth bore)

A

Have a straight, smooth tip and produce a solid hose stream

49
Q

straight tip nozzles (smooth bore) characteristics

A

Operate at low nozzle pressure

Are less prone to clogging with debris

Can be used to apply compressed-air foam

May allow hose lines to kink due to less pressure

Do not allow for selection of different stream patterns

velocity of the stream is a result of nozzle pressure

50
Q

Spray nozzles (fog nozzles)

A

Can create straight stream, narrow-angle fog and wide-angle fog patterns

Automatic or manual discharge rate

51
Q

Spray nozzles (fog nozzles) characteristics

A

Adjustable discharge patterns

Can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern

Can be used for a variety of applications

Offer a variety of nozzle choices and manufacturing options

Can be used to apply certain types of foam

52
Q

types of fog nozzles

A

basic
constant gallonage
constant pressure (automatic)
constant/select gallonage

53
Q

basic fog nozzle

A

an adjustable-pattern fog nozzle in which the rated discharge is delivered at a designated nozzle pressure and nozzle setting

54
Q

Constant gallonage fog nozzle

A

an adjustable-pattern fog nozzle that discharges at a constant discharge rate throughout the range of patterns from straight stream to a wide fog at a designed nozzle pressure

55
Q

Constant pressure (automatic) fog nozzle

A

an adjustable-pattern fog nozzle in which the pressure remains relatively constant through a range of discharge rates

56
Q

Constant/select gallonage fog nozzle

A

a constant discharge rate fog nozzle with a feature that allows manual adjustment of the orifice to effect a predetermined discharge rate while the nozzle is flowing

57
Q

Automatic fog nozzles for handlines are designed for the following flow rates:

A

Low flow such as 10 gpm (40L/min) to 125 gpm (500L/min)

Mid-range flows such as 70 gpm (280L/min) to 200 gpm (500L/min)

High flows such as 70 gpm (280L/min) to 350 gpm (400L/min)

58
Q

Both categories of nozzles as well as the broken-stream delivery devices perform three main functions:

A

Controlling water flow
Creating reach
Shaping the hose stream

59
Q

Broken-stream Delivery Devices

A

Can be used to extinguish fires in concealed spaces in basements, chimneys, attics or other types of concealed spaces

These nozzles are designed to produce broken stream

60
Q

piercing nozzles

A

Can be used to pierce materials in order to access fires in concealed spaces

61
Q

cellar nozzles

A

Consists of a rotating head with outlets that distribute water in a circular pattern

62
Q

two commonly used cellar nozzles are

A

Bresnan distributor

Rockwood cellar pipe

63
Q

nozzles should be inspected

A

after each use and at least annually to ensure that they work properly

64
Q

nozzle control valves

A

enable the operator to start, stop, increase or decrease the flow of water while controlling the nozzle

65
Q

three main type of nozzle control valves

A

ball valve
side valve
rotary valve

66
Q

ball valve

A

provides effective nozzle control with little effort

67
Q

side valve

A

control seats a movable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water

68
Q

side valve advantage

A

nozzle operator controls the operating flow and resulting nozzle reaction, as a result side valves do not cause turbulence

69
Q

rotary control valve

A

found only on rotary control fog nozzles

70
Q

hose stream patterns described according to size and type

A

Size refers to the volume or quantity of water flowing from the nozzle per minute

Type indicates the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle

71
Q

low-volume stream

A

discharge less than 40gpm

72
Q

handline stream

A

flows from 40-350gpm

73
Q

master stream

A

discharges more than 350gpm

74
Q

major types of hose stream patterns

A

solid
fog
straight
broken

75
Q

solid stream

A

Is a hose stream produced from a fixed orifice, smooth bore nozzle

Smooth bore nozzles produce a stream as compact as possible with little shower or spray

Can also penetrate and saturate burning materials or debris

76
Q

Fog stream

A

Is a fine spray composed of tiny water droplets which form to expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption

77
Q

Fog streams have the following characteristics:

A

Can be adjusted to suit the situation

Can be used for hydraulic ventilation

Can be used for vapor dispersion

Can be used for crew protection

Expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption

May be used to cool the hot fire gas layer as well as hot surfaces

Have shorter reach or penetration than solid or straight hose streams

Can be more affected by wind

May disturb thermal layering in a room if applied incorrectly

May intensify the fire by pushing fresh air into the fire area if used incorrectly

78
Q

straight stream

A

Is a semisolid stream produced by a fog nozzle

Characteristics are similar to those of a solid stream

79
Q

broken stream

A

Is a hose stream that has been broken into coarsely divided water droplets

This stream is used to extinguish fires in attics, cocklofts, basements and other confined spaces

80
Q

hose stream limiting factors

A

gravity
velocity loss
water droplet friction with air (drag)
wind

81
Q

Assigning one firefighter to operate an attack hose line only occurs when combating a:

A

Small ground cover fire
Vehicle fire
Rekindle during overhaul operations
Rubbish or trash fire
Fire in out buildings or sheds

82
Q

Two-firefighting method for small hose line operations

A

Two firefighters are the minimum number required for handling any attack line during interior structural operations

The nozzle operator holds the nozzle with one hand and holds the hose just behind the nozzle, the backup firefighter takes a position on the same side of the hose about 3 feet behind the nozzle operator

83
Q

Operating Large Attack Hose Lines

A

During exposure protection or overhaul operations, one firefighter may be assigned to operate a large hose line if a master stream device is not available

Except for limited lateral motion, this method does not permit very much maneuvering of the nozzle

84
Q

Water hammer

A

When the nozzle is closed suddenly, a shock wave is produced when the moving water reaches the closed nozzle and stops with great force

85
Q

Operating Master Stream Devices

A

Master streams are usually deployed when the fire is beyond the effectiveness of handlines or there is a need for hose streams in areas that are unsafe for firefighters

Must be shut down before it can be relocated

When water is flowing, at least one firefighter should be stationed at the master stream device unless the device is being used in a hazardous position

86
Q
A

CFD 11 Month (32 decks)

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