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CFD 11 Month > IFSTA CH 3 Building Construction > Flashcards

IFSTA CH 3 Building Construction Flashcards

1
Q

locally adopted codes regulate construction type based on

A

intended use (occupancy)
structure size
presence of automatic fire suppression system

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2
Q

Type I construction is

A

fire-resistive

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3
Q

Type I/Fire-resistive

A

provides the highest level of protection from the fire spread as well as structural collapse

considered to be the most collapse resistant

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4
Q

Following frames meet the criteria for type 1 construction

A

reinforced concrete
precast concrete
protected steel

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5
Q

During a fire in a type I structure:

A

compartments can retain heat, contributing to potential rapid fire development

roofs may be extremely difficult to penetrate

windows may be nonoperating

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6
Q

Type II Construction is

A

noncombustible

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7
Q

Type II noncombustible

A

composed of materials that will not contribute to fire development or spread

steel components do not need to be protected for the same length of time or have the same fire-resistance rating as type I

most common form of constructions include metal framing members, metal cladding and concrete-black wall

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8
Q

Type III construction is

A

ordinary construction

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9
Q

Type III ordinary construction

A

requires that exterior walls and structural members be constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials

interior walls, columns, beams, floors, and roofs are completely or partially constructed of wood

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10
Q

Type III ordinary construction is commonly found in

A

mercantile, business and residential structures and older schools

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11
Q

Type IV construction is

A

Heavy Timber

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12
Q

Type IV heavy timber

A

characterized by the use of large-dimensioned lumbar or laminated wood

are extremely stable and resistant to collapse due to the sheer mass of their structural members

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13
Q

Type IV may contain the following conditions that can affect their behaviour during fire

A

high concentrated wood can contribute to the intensity of a fire once it starts

collapse of masonry walls can be caused by loss of structural integrity of timbers

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14
Q

Glue-laminated beams

A

may fail when exposed to fire because the heat may affect the glue holding the laminates together

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15
Q

Type V construction is

A

Wood frame

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16
Q

Type V wood frame

A

exterior load-bearing walls are composed entirely of wood

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17
Q

examples of type V construction

A

single family residences

some multistory apartment buildings

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18
Q

factory built homes

A

structures that are partially or completely built in a factory and shipped to the location on which they are to be installed

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19
Q

manufactured (mobile) homes

A

most common factory-built homes

almost completely prefabricated prior to delivery and the least expensive

may be anchored directly to concrete slab or have open crawl space beneath them (later provides an additional source of oxygen during a fire)

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20
Q

reductions in fire loss and residential fatalities can be attributed to construction requirements that included

A

factory installed smoke detectors and CO alarms

use of flame-retardant materials in interior finishings and around heating/cooking equipment

installation of safer heating and cooking equipment

installation of gypsum board rather than wood paneling in interior finishes

factory-installed fire suppression systems (sprinklers)

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21
Q

modular homes

A

modular sections can be stacked vertically and connected horizontally in numerous ways

is transported to the site and then attached to a permanent foundation, which may include a full basement

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22
Q

Panelized homes

A

are assembled on-site from pre-constructed panels made of foam insulation sandwiched between sheets of plywood

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23
Q

pre-cut homes

A

consist of individual parts that are custom cut and must be assembled on site

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24
Q

hybrid modular structure

A

includes elements of both the modular design and the panelized design

modular core units such as bathrooms are constructed in factory, moved to the site and assembled
pre constructed panels are then added to the modules to complete the structure

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25
Q

the space between the floor/ceiling or ceiling/roof may contain

A

duct work or open return air plenum
electrical or communications wiring
water or natural gas pipes
recessed lighting and audio speakers
fiberglass, cellulose, or foam to act as soundproofing

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26
Q

fire wall

A

may be used to separate two adjoining structures or two occupancy classifications within the same structure to prevent the spread of fire from one to the other

can also divide large structures into smaller portions and contain a fire to a particular portion of the structure

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27
Q

Basement Fires

A

may be more hazardous than in other compartments because of limited means of ingress/egress and limited ventilation

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28
Q

Stairs

A

provide access to or egress from different levels of a structure

stairs in commercial and multifamily residential buildings that are a part of the required means of egress must provide protection for the occupants as they travel to safety

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29
Q

protected or enclosed stairs

A

meeting requirements that are built to resist the spread of fire and smoke

are enclosed with fire-rated construction, usually with either a 1-2 hour rating depending on building height

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30
Q

exterior stairs

A

may be open to the air or enclosed

enclosed stairs must comply with requirements similar to those of interior protected stairs

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31
Q

unprotected stairs

A

since they are not enclosed with fire-rated construction, they may serve as a flow path for fire and smoke

32
Q

roofs primary function is

A

to protect the structure and its contents from the effects of weather

the shape and construction of the roof is intended to provide drainage, support the weight of accumulation of snow and resist the effects of wind

33
Q

roof types

A

flat
pitched
arched

34
Q

Flat roofs

A

have a slight slope to facilitate drainage

commonly found on commercial, industrial and multifamily residential structures

35
Q

parapet

A

portion of the exterior walls of a building that extends above the roof, a low wall at the edge of a roof

36
Q

pitched roof

A

among the most common are those elevated in the center along the ridgeline with a roof deck slopes down to the eaves along the rood edges

37
Q

arched roof

A

ideal for some types of occupancies because they can span large open areas unsupported by columns, pillars or post

38
Q

roof construction

A

roofs are made up of three main components including the roof supporting structure, the roof deck and the roof covering

39
Q

roof supports

A

beams and truss assemblies

beams are the sections of lumber located directly under the roof decking

truss types include parallel chords, pitched chords and arched chords

40
Q

roof decks

A

is the portion of the roof between the roof supports and the roof covering

41
Q

components of roof deck

A

sheathing
roof planks or slabs
purlins

42
Q

cast-in-place concrete

A

common type of concrete construction

refers to a concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used

43
Q

precast concrete

A

units are widely used because they can be fabricated off-site and hauled to the construction site ready for use

44
Q

roof penetrations and openings

A

include items that provide light, ventilation, access, vapor exhaust or are part of the plumbing or HVAC system

45
Q

green roofs

A

involves the use of the roof surface of a building for a rooftop garden

constitute a dead load on the roof structural system, which must be capable of supporting the load

46
Q

cold roofs

A

generally found in cold, snowy climates to prevent ice damming and icicle formation at eaves

it is designed to prevent interior heat from escaping into the attic space, thus melting the snow on the roof

47
Q

Photovoltaic (PV) systems (solar energy)

A

produces clean and reliable energy useful for many applications

electricity generated creates a significant hazard for FF, even if the power of the building is shut off, the panels retain a significant amount of electricity

48
Q

rain or snow roofs

A

are pitched roofs built over older flat roofs

the void in that the rain roof creates can conceal a fire and allow it to burn undetected

49
Q

roof security

A

during a fire, the weight of the plates can cause the roof to collapse and can also prevent tactical ventilation

50
Q

roof mounted equipment

A

these items can add to the load distributed on the roof, increase collapse hazards and add to the obstruction that can affect ventilation efforts

51
Q

doors

A

a tool for fire and flow path control

classified by the way they operate

construction material of a door influences its effectiveness as a fire barrier and the degree to which it can be forced open during an emergency

52
Q

doors are constructed from

A

wood, metal or glass

53
Q

swinging doors

A

rotates by means of hinges secured to the side jambs of the doorway or on pivot posts supported at the top and bottom

54
Q

sliding doors

A

suspended from an overhead track and uses steel or nylon rollers

55
Q

folding doors

A

hung from an overhead track with rollers or glides similar to those used by a sliding door

56
Q

vertical doors

A

known as an overhead door and is often found in industrial buildings

57
Q

revolving doors

A

constructed with 3 or 4 sections or wings that rotate in circular frame

designed to minimize air flow through a door opening to reduce building heating or cooling losses

can prevent the movement of hose or equipment into a building

58
Q

flush door

A

consists of flat face panels that are the full height and width of the door

59
Q

solid-core doors

A

formed with an interior core of laminated blocks of wood, particleboard or a mineral composition

60
Q

hollow-core door

A

constructed with spacers between the face panels to provide lateral support

less expensive and lighter than solid core doors

61
Q

glass doors

A

can be either framed or frameless

building codes require glass doors to be made of tempered glass that resists breakage

62
Q

fire doors

A

protect openings in fire-rated walls and block the spread of fire within a structure

effective at limiting the spread of fire and total fire damage

most will be constructed of metal and may roll, slide or swing into place when released

63
Q

overhead rolling steel fire doors

A

commonly used to protect a fire wall in an industrial occupancy or an opening in a wall separating buildings into fire areas

closes under the force of gravity when a fusible link melts but motor driven doors are available

64
Q

horizontal sliding fire doors

A

usually held open by a fusible link, and slide into position along a track either by gravity or by the force of a counterweight

65
Q

swinging fire doors

A

commonly used in stairwell enclosures or corridors that require a fire door

has the disadvantage of requiring a clear space around the door to ensure closure

66
Q

windows

A

relied on as a means of light, ventilation, access and rescue

consist of a frame, one or more sashes and all necessary hardware to make a complete unit

67
Q

fixed windows

A

consists only of a frame and a glazed stationary sash

68
Q

security windows

A

security bars or grilles have a negative effect on fire and life safety

they can prevent the escape of trapped occupants or FF and can slow the access time for FF

69
Q

rolling steel shutters

A

block interior window openings, such as office windows overlooking a factory floor

70
Q

Windows (picture)

A
71
Q

Purlins

A
72
Q

Wood panel doors (picture)

A
73
Q

Truss types (photo)

A
74
Q

Pitched roof construction (photo)

A
75
Q

Roof types photo

A
76
Q

Dead load

A

CFD 11 Month (32 decks)

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