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CFD 11 Month > IFSTA CH 7 ROPES AND KNOTS > Flashcards

IFSTA CH 7 ROPES AND KNOTS Flashcards

1
Q

Life Safety Rope

A

Is designed to be used only for rescue and other emergency operations

It is also used to raise, lower or support firefighters during training

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2
Q

Life Safety Rope Construction

A

Only rope of block creel construction using continuous filament virgin fiber for load-bearing elements is suitable for life safety applications

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3
Q

The life safety rope standard also requires that ropes meet the following criteria:

A

No abrasions or visible damage

No exposure to heat or direct flame

No exposure to any impact load*

No exposure to the liquids, solids, gases, mists or vapors of any chemical or other material that can deteriorate rope

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4
Q

downgraded

A

Life safety rope that has been converted to utility rope is referred to as downgraded

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5
Q

Utility Rope

A

Can be used to hoist equipment, secure unstable objects or cordon off an area

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6
Q

fire service rope can be constructed from

A

synthetic or natural fibers

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7
Q

synthetic fibers are used to construct

A

life safety and utility ropes

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8
Q

natural fibers are only permitted for

A

utility ropes

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9
Q

synthetic fiber rope disadvantage

A

They will melt when exposed to heat

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10
Q

synthetic fiber rope advantages

A

Excellent resistance to water, mildew, mold, rotting and shrinkage

Longer life span than natural fiber rope

Lightweight yet very strong

Easy to maintain

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11
Q

Natural fiber rope disadvantage

A

being prone to mildew and mold, it also deteriorates when exposed to chemicals and it burns when in contact with embers or open flame

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12
Q

natural fiber rope advantage

A

More resistant to sunlight than synthetic rope

Chars rather than melts when exposed to heat

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13
Q

Kernmantle Rope

A

Is a jacketed synthetic rope composed of a braided covering or sheath (mantle) over a core (kern) of the main load-bearing strands

The core is made of high-strength fibers, usually nylon, which accounts for 75 percent of the total strength of the rope

The sheath provides the rest of the ropes overall strength and protects the core from abrasions and contamination

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14
Q

kernmantle rope is used for

A

life safety rope

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15
Q

Dynamic rope

A

(high-stretch)

Used when long falls are a possibility

To reduce the shock of impact in falls, dynamic rope is designed to stretch without breaking

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16
Q

Static rope

A

(low-stretch)

Used for most rope rescue operations

It is designed for low stretch without breaking

Low-stretch rope must not elongate more than 10 percent when tested under a load equal to 10 percent of its breaking strength

Used for rescue, rappelling, and hoisting and where falls are not likely to occur or only very short falls are possible

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17
Q

laid (twisted) rope

A

Are constructed by twisting fibers together to form strands, then twisting the strands (typically three) together to make the final rope

Are used exclusively as utility ropes

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18
Q

laid (twisted) rope disadvantage

A

Susceptible to abrasions and other physical damage

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19
Q

Braided Rope

A

Is constructed by uniformly intertwining strands of rope together in a diagonally overlapping pattern

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20
Q

Braided Rope most commonly used as

A

utility rope

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21
Q

Braid-on-braid Rope

A

Consists of a braided core enclosed in a braided sheath

Also known as a double braided rope

Half of the strength is in the sheath and the other half is in the core

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22
Q

Braid-on-braid Rope disadvantage

A

Does not resist abrasion as well as kernmantle rope

Sheath may slide along the inner core of the rope

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23
Q

Braid-on-braid Rope most often used as

A

utility rope

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24
Q

If any of the following damage is found, remove the rope from service and have it destroyed:

A

Imbedded shards of glass

Metal shavings

Wood splinters

Foreign objects that can damage the fibers

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25
Q

when inspecting kernmantle rope

A

put a slight tension on the rope while feeling for lumps, depression or soft spots

Soft sports are caused by knots or bends, but they may not be signs of permanent damage to the core because core fibers may only be temporarily misaligned

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26
Q

when inspecting laid rope

A

Synthetic rope should be untwisted so that all sides of each strand can be inspected

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27
Q

Braid-on-braid rope inspection

A

Feel for lumps, which indicates core damage

If the ropes diameter has shrunk, this may indicate a break in the core

28
Q

Maintaining Rope

A
  • Avoid abrasion and unnecessary wear
  • Avoid sharp angles, bends and knots
  • Protect ends from damage
  • Avoid sustained loads
  • Avoid rust
  • Prevent contact with chemicals
  • Reverse ends of the rope periodically
  • Do not walk on rope
29
Q

Cleaning synthetic fiber rope

A

To loosen imbedded dirt particles, wash synthetic fiber ropes with a mild detergent or fabric softener added in lukewarm to warm water

30
Q

Cleaning synthetic fiber rope - 3 methods

A

Wash by hand

Rope-washing device

Washing machine

31
Q

Cleaning synthetic fiber rope - After you have washed and rinsed the rope you must dry the rope immediately

A

Never place it near a heat source or use a heated dryer because heat can reduce the ropes tensile strength

32
Q

cleaning natural fiber ropes

A

Wipe or gently brush the rope to remove as much or the dirt and grit as possible

Do not use water, as this will damage the rope

33
Q

Maintaining a Rope Log

A

Keep a rope log for every life safety rope throughout the ropes working life

34
Q

rope log must include

A

Product label, identification label and manufacturers instructions

Information regarding purchase date, use, maintenance and inspection

Incidents that result in impact loading

35
Q

Rope Storage

A

Should be stored in a clean, dry, unheated area with freely circulating air currents

36
Q

what kind of bag to store rope

A

Best method for storing rope is to place it into a nylon or canvas storage bag

The bag makes the rope easy to transport and protects it from abrasion and contamination

37
Q

Webbing - Material and Construction

A

Webbing is constructed from the same materials used to make synthetic rope

38
Q

flat webbing

A

Is constructed of a single layer of material that resembles an automobile seat belt

It is stiffer and more difficult to tie into knots

Mainly used for straps and harnesses

39
Q

tubular webbing

A

Commonly used for rescue applications

Easier to tie than flat webbing

40
Q

two types of tubular webbing

A

edge-stitched

spiral weave

41
Q

edge-stitched tubular webbing

A

formed by folding a piece of flat webbing lengthwise and sewing the edges together

42
Q

spiral weave tubular webbing

A

preferred for rescue work

43
Q

knots - Rope is divided into three parts

A

working end
running part
standing part

44
Q

working end

A

used to tie the knot or hitch

45
Q

Running part

A

free end that is used for hoisting or pulling

46
Q

standing part

A

section between the working end and running part

47
Q

dressing the knot

A

after tying all slack should be removed

48
Q
A
49
Q

overhand safety knot

A

One way to prevent failures is to tie a overhand safety knot in the tail of the working end

50
Q

To be suitable for use in the fire service, a knot must:

A

Be easy to tie and untie

Be secure under load

Reduce ropes strength as little as possible

51
Q

Overhand safety knots

A

As an added measure of safety, an overhand safety knot can be used when tying any type of knot

52
Q

Clove Hitch

A

Principally used to attach a rope to an object such as a pole, post or hose line

53
Q

Figure-eight

A

It can be used as a stopper knot so that the rope will not pass through a rescue pulley or the grommet of a rope bag

54
Q

figure-eight bend

A

Primarily used on life safety rope to tie ropes of equal diameter together

55
Q

figure-eight on a bite

A

Good way to tie a closed loop

56
Q

figure-eight follow through

A

Used for securing objects

57
Q

water knot

A

Preferred knot for joining two pieces of webbing or the ends of the same piece when a loop is needed

58
Q

Rope and webbing are frequently used to raise or lower tools and equipment, with one notable exception

A

Prohibits hoisting pressurized cylinders

59
Q

Tag line

A

A separate tag line may be tied to the equipment or part of the hoisting line may also serve as a tag line

Are non-load-bearing and help prevent tools from spinning or snagging while being hoisted

Firefighters on the ground use the tag line to prevent the equipment from striking the structure or other objects

60
Q

Carabiner

A

Is a snap link made from aluminum, titanium or steel with a spring or screw gate that connects ropes to other mechanical gear

61
Q

Pulley

A

Simple device used to create a mechanical advantage or change in direction

Consist of a grooved wheel which a rope can run to change the direction or point of application of a force applied to the rope

62
Q

Personnel should never use utility rope during rescue operations, instead use life safety rope for:

A

Rappelling

Lifting victims and rescuers

Removing victims from ice and swift weather situations

63
Q

Control Zone Perimeter

A

Utility rope has traditionally been used to establish the perimeter to control access to required control zones

Clove hitch with overhand safety knots are used to tie the rope to trees, sign posts or other stationary objects

64
Q

Search lines

A

Used to assist search teams working in dark, smoke-filled or confined spaces

They allow team members to remain in contact with each other and with firefighters at the lines entry point

They also provide a physical means of finding an exit route

65
Q

Object stabilization

A

Utility rope and webbing are sometimes used to stabilize an object

66
Q

Before any work is performed around the object, you must be certain that:

A

The rope or webbing and the anchor point are strong enough to hole the weight of the object

The knots are tight and safety knots are in place

The attachment points at both ends are secure and will not pull free

Personnel are clear from the stabilizing line in case it breaks and snaps back

67
Q
A

CFD 11 Month (32 decks)

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