HYPO (magnesium & calcium)

Question 1

when you are experiencing hypomagnesemia or hypocalcemia, you are not experiencing____.

Answer 1

Sedation

Question 2

Hypomagnesemia:

Because we have a lot of magnesium in the intestines, ____ can cause us to have hypomagnesemia.

Alcoholics are the most prone to experience hypomagnesemia because they don’t like to eat. & we get most of our mag from our diet. They like to drink alcohol instead.

Alcohol also suppresses____. How does that make them become hypomagnesic?

Answer 2

• diarrhea
• ADH (With little ADH, then you’re gonna pee a lot & remember, magnesium is excreted through the kidneys.)
• Alcohol is also hypertonic which makes you pee more too*

Question 3

Signs & symptoms of hypomagnesemia & hypocalcemia:

\_\_\_\_ & \_\_\_ muscles
\_\_\_\_\_ chances of seizures
\_\_\_\_ &\_\_\_\_ spasms. why?
positive\_\_\_ &\_\_\_ signs
\_\_\_\_\_\_ heart rhythm

\_\_\_\_ DTR (Deep Tendon Reflexes) 
\_\_\_\_\_ Mind changes (hallucination,very alert & awake..etc)

Swallowing problems because the esophagus is a___. So put them on aspiration precautions.

take___ precautions

Answer 3

• tight & rigid
  -increased
  _ stridor & laryngeal spasms; airway is a smooth muscle
• chvosteks & trusseau signs
• irregular/ arrythmia
• hyperactive
• hyperactive
• muscle
• seizure

Question 4

Treatment for hypomagnesemia:

Before you give hypomagnesic patient magnesium to treat it, what must be done first? why?

Answer 4

• check their kidney function because magnesium is excreted by the kidneys.

Question 5

T OR F?

If a patient’s primary U.O at 2pm was 180mL… Then, at 3pm it’s 140mL. That’s still ok.

Answer 5

F!

If it drops 30 CCs or more, it’s a major concern.

Question 6

What do you do if you start mag IV & the patient is complaining of flushing and sweating?

Answer 6

Stop the infusion

Question 7

Hypocalcemia:

caused by ____ parathyroidism, radical neck or thyroidectomy.

Answer 7

Hypo (Not enough PTH) which will decrease serum calcium levels

Question 8

Hypocalemia treatments:

Vitamin___

Amphogel or a ____

You can give IV Calcium very slowly because if it is given too fast, you can cause an____, so ALWAYS make sure your patient is on a ____ monitor.

IV Calcium can also cause a ___ of the QRS complex

Answer 8

D

Phosphorus binding drugs (since serum calcium is really low, serum phosphorus levels will be high, so these drugs will help to decrease the levels of phosphorus… As a result, since this drug will decrease the levels of phosphorus, the calcium levels will go back up).

arythmia; heart monitor

widening (if this happens, STOP the infusion)

Question 9

2 drugs given at ASYSTOLE

Answer 9

Atropine & epinephrine