Fluid & Electrolytes- Hypervolemia/ Fluid Volume Excess Flashcards
What is hypervolemia?
Fluid volume excess
too much fluid in the vascular space
What is a vascular space?
Any vessel in your body (artery, veins, capillary)
as well as the chambers of the heart (since it is the “cardio-vascular system”)
Because when the vessels/vascular space is filling up with fluid getting bigger and bigger, so are the chambers of the heart.
When their’s too much fluid in the vascular space, where does it start leaking into?
the interstitial space (the tissues)
one cause of fluid volume excess is congestive heart failure (C.H.F)… what happens?
-what happens with
.cardiac output
.kidney perfusion
.urine output
Where does the volume stay?
Your heart is too weak to pump out the blood, so it backs up in the chambers.
as a result, your organs will not be perfused properly.
so, you get decreased C.O
Decreased kidney perfusion which results in deceased urine output.
How does a decreased cardiac output impact the kidneys and fluid volume?
less blood being pumped to the kidney= less perfusion= less cardiac output= increased fluid in the vascular space.
-the extra fluid is not going anywhere. it just stays in the vascular space because you’re not peeing it out.
Another cause of fluid volume excess is kidney failure… how does it cause you to go into fluid overload?
No urinary output= water stays in the vascular space.
Alkaseltzer
Fleet enemas
&
I.V Fluids with sodium
- All have what in common?
- Why can they potentially be bad?
- Sodium
- Makes you retain fluid; which can make you hypervolemic
What is aldosterone?
Where does it come from?
A natural mineralocorticoid in the body
from the adrenal glands which live on top of the kidneys
What is the normal action of aldosterone?
When blood volume gets too low, aldosterone secretion increases to help you retain SODIUM & WATER, so your blood volume is increase.
Increases your blood volume by making you retain sodium & water
Name 2 diseases that are products of making too much aldosterone:
- Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s disease)
- Cushings
Cushings is when you’re making too____ of all of your steroids. including aldosterone.
Too many
What is a disease where we’re not making enough aldosterone?
Addisson’s disease (You need to “add” steroids)
ADH makes you retain what?
Water only…. ADH aka H2O
Disease where too much ADH is being produced:
SIADH (too many letters, too much water)
T OR F?
Normally, blood and urine like to do the same thing.
ex) dilute urine= dilute blood
T