HYPER (Magnesium & Calcium)

Question 1

Magnesium & Calcium both act like____.

If you wanna get magnesium & calcium questions right, think___ first!

Answer 1

Sedatives

-muscles

Question 2

Magnesium is excreted by the___

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

How come renal failure is one of the causes of hypermagnesemia?

Answer 3

Because it is excreted by the kidneys.

if it cannot be excreted, then it builds up on the body.

Question 4

Antacids have a lot of____

Ex) Tums…etc

Answer 4

Magnesium

Question 5

Signs & Symptoms of hypermagnesemia & Hypercalcemia:

\_\_\_\_Deep tendon reflexes
\_\_\_\_Muscle tone
\_\_\_\_ heart rate rhythm (why?)
\_\_\_\_\_ Level of Consciousness (LOC)
\_\_\_\_ Pulse
\_\_\_\_\_ Respirations

Answer 5

• decreased
• weak/ flaccid
• irregular/ arrhythmia (because the heart is a muscle & this causes muscle weakness)
• decreased
• decreased
• decreased

Question 6

Specific signs & symptoms for hypermagnesemia;
why are these specific S&S appearing?

What happens to the Blood pressure?

Why do they give magnesium to pregnant ladies with P.I.H (pregnancy induced hypertension)? because it relaxes their muscles, what does it prevent?

Answer 6

-Flushing & warmth
because magnesium makes you vasodilate

decreases due to vasodilation

reduces high blood pressure

prevent them from having a seizure

Question 7

Treatment for hypermagnesemia:

If their respiratory rate is less than 12, put them on a ____

Answer 7

ventilator

Question 8

Hypercalcemia:

Causes of hypercalcemia?

• Hyperparathyroid is a result of too much___
• Thiazide diuretic can make you retain____
• immobilization …why?
• You have to bear___ to keep calcium in the bones.

Answer 8

• Hyperparathyroidism
• PTH (parathyroid hormone), so your serum calcium is going to be really high.
• calcium
• There’s no weight baring activities.
• weight

Question 9

How does the parathyroid hormone work?

Answer 9

When the body sense that serum calcium is low, PTH kicks in & pulls calcium from the bones and puts it in the blood stream. As a result, the serum calcium increases.

PTH= Calcium robber

Question 10

Thiazide diuretic makes you retain_____

Answer 10

Calcium

Question 11

Calcium can only be in 2 places. Either in the__ or in the___.

Answer 11

Bones or blood

Question 12

Signs & symptoms of hypercalcemia

_____ &___ bones
Kidney_____.

Answer 12

• Brittle & weak bones (because the calcium is in the blood.. not the bones)
• stones

Question 13

Treatment of Hypercalcemia:

____ exercises
_____ fluids
Phospho soda &/or fleet____. why?

Add___ to their diet. Which kind of foods have this?

____ precautions

Must have vitamin___ to use calcium

___ decreases serum calcium. How? which bone disease can it be used to treat?

Answer 13

exercises (weight bearing, walking..etc)

increase fluids to flush calcium & prevent stones

enemas; they both have phosphorus (which will help serum calcium to decrease)

• Phosphorus; any protein foods have phosphorus in it. As well as instant pudding.
• safety precautions
• D
• Calcitonin; it drives the calcium back into the bone; osteoporosis

Question 14

Calcium has an inverse relationship with phosphorus. So,
High calcium=____ phosphorus

or

Low Calcium= ____ phosphorus

T OR F?
Any protein food has phosphorus in it

Answer 14

Low

High

They’re opposite to each other

T!

Question 15

T OR F?

Steroids increase serum calcium

Answer 15

F! they decrease it