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Living Environment > Human Body > Flashcards

Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

GI (gastrointestinal) contractions

A

Peristalsis (1 way direction)

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2
Q

GI accessory organs

A

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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3
Q

Oral cavity

A

Teeth, salivary glands, tongue, esophagus

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4
Q

Teeth

A

Mechanical breakdown (increases surface area of food)

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5
Q

Salivary glands

A

Amylase (starch breakdown, 1st initial step)

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6
Q

Tongue

A

Mixes food w/ saliva and pushes bolus to the back of the mouth

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7
Q

Esophagus

A

Bolus movement to stomach via peristalsis

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8
Q

Stomach: mechanical digestion

A

Gastric glands release HCI and gastric protease

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9
Q

HCI

A

Decreases PH which activates gastric protease

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10
Q

Small intestine: convoluted tube

A

(Folds on itself) convoluted tube increases surface area, glands w/in the small intestine secrete enzymes that digest the following
- proteins
- lipids
- disaccharides

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11
Q

Liver

A

Produce bile that is stored w/in the gallbladder

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12
Q

Bile

A

1st function: fat breakdown via emulsification
2nd function: neutralizes acidic food coming from the stomach

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13
Q

Pancreas

A

Pancreatic juice: released protease, lipases, and amylase (starch breakdown)

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14
Q

Complete chemical digestion

A

Pancreatic juices + small intestinal enzymes

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15
Q

Villi (fingerlike projections)

A

Villi line the intestine and increase the surface area to absorb chemically broken down food [amino acids, fatty acids, disaccharides], contains a lacteal

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16
Q

Lacteal

A

Absorb fatty acids and glycerol and dump them into the lymph of the lymphatic system
*all other chemically digested food is drained into capillaries

17
Q

high amounts of glucose stored w/in the liver as glycogen

A

when blood glucose levels decreases, liver breaks down glycogen into glucose and adds it to the bloodstream

18
Q

Large intestine (shorter and wider than the small intestine)

A

what passes here -> indigestible food (roughage/fiber) and water

water is reabsorbed from indigestible food which becomes feces

Living Environment (53 decks)

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