Endocrine Syetem Flashcards
Endocrine system
secrete hormones
Hypothalamus
below the thalamus
it’s hormone producing cells influence the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
base of the brain
some hormones produced here regulate activities of other endocrine glands
Growth-stimulating hormone
wide spread effects including long bone growth
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
stimulates thyroxin release from thyroid
Follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulates development of follicles in ovaries and influences sperm production
location of thyroid gland
neck
thyroid gland hormone
thyroxin (contains iodine)
function of thyroid gland
regulates metabolism in cells
thyroid gland is essential for
normal physical and mental development
location of parathyroid gland
back of thyroid gland
hormone for parathyroid gland
parathormone
function of parathyroid gland
controls cat metabolism
parathyroid gland is essential for
nerve function, blood clotting, and growth of teeth and bones
adrenal glands
top of each kidney, two layers
outer layer of adrenal gland
adrenal cortex (2 hormones/steroids)
outer layer (adrenal glands) hormone 1
conversion of fats and proteins to glucose
outer layer (adrenal glands) hormone 2
reabsorption of sodium from kidney tubules
*blood pressure and water balance
inner layer of adrenal glands
adrenal medulla
inner layer (adrenal gland) hormone
adrenaline “fight or flight”
function of adrenal glands’ inner layer
increase blood glucose level, heart rate, breathing rate
Islets of langerhans
pancreas
hormone 1 of islets
insulin
hormone 1 of islets function
promotes glucose absorption from blood ([decrease blood glucose)]
*stimulates conversion of glucose into glycogen (storage)
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liver skeletal muscles
Hormone 2 of islets
glucagon
hormone 2 of islets function
promotes the liver and skeletal muscles to convert glycogen to free glucose ([increase blood glucose])
opposing effects of insulin and glucagon
homeostasis
Gonads
female and male
testes (male)
hormone - testosterone
function - stimulates male reproductive organ development and secondary sex characteristics
*production of sperm
ovaries (female)
hormone - estrogen and progesterone
function - same as male function
*production of egg cells
Progesterone
stimulates uterine wall to thicken in preparation for embryo implantation
Negative feedback
regulate hormone production and secretion
negative feedback: classic type
pituitary TSH and thyroid thyroxin hormone
classic type step 1
decrease [thyroxin blood] = stimulates pituitary = TSH
classic type step 2
TSH stimulates thyroid = secreted thyroxin
Classic type step 3
[thyroxin blood] levels = TSH secretion stops
Homeostasis
regulation of thyroxin by TSH
