Biochemistry

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

Chemical reactions of living things

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

Protons, neutrons and electrons
(*elements are unique by their atoms)

Question 4

Compounds

Answer 4

2 or more elements that combine chemically
Ex: H2O (1 oxygen + 2 hydrogen)

Question 5

Ionic bonds

Answer 5

Loss or gain of electrons a charge is formed

Question 6

Covalent bonds

Answer 6

Sharing of electrons

Question 7

Inorganic compounds

Answer 7

Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

Question 8

Organic compounds

Answer 8

Contains both carbon and hydrogen

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Sugars and starches, contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Hydrogen to oxygen ratio: 2:1

Question 10

Carbohydrate example 1

Answer 10

Glucose, galactose, and fructose
*monosaccharides = simplest sugars

Question 11

Carbohydrate example 2

Answer 11

Maltose and sucrose
*disaccharides = 2 monosaccharides bond together
Maltose = 2 glucose sugars

Question 12

Carbohydrate example 3

Answer 12

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen
*polysaccharides = chains of monosaccharides
Starch = food storage compound (plants)
Cellulose = makes up cell wall
Glycogen = food storage compound (animals)

Question 13

Proteins

Answer 13

Made of amino acid subunits
(Ex: enzymes, hormones)

Question 14

Structure of amino acid

Answer 14

Amino group, carboxyl/acid group, R group

Question 15

Amino group

Answer 15

NH2

Question 16

Carboxyl/acid group

Answer 16

COOH

Question 17

R group

Answer 17

variable group of an amino acid

Question 18

Peptide bond

Answer 18

Bond between amino acids

Question 19

Lipids

Answer 19

Source of energy and components of cell membranes

Question 20

Lipid examples

Answer 20

Fats, oils, and waxes
*hydrogen to oxygen ratio greater than 2:1

Question 21

Fats

Answer 21

Solid at room temperature

Question 22

Oils

Answer 22

Liquid at room temperature

Question 23

Nucleic acids

Answer 23

Are involved in the passing on of genetic information from one generation to the next
Ex: DNA and RNA

Question 24

DNA

Answer 24

Found in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast
- replicate on their own
- carry out genetic traits
- responsible for synthesis of proteins essential to a cell’s life

Question 25

RNA

Answer 25

Assists in carrying out the vital information stored in DNA molecules

Question 26

Differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 26

T is replaced by U in RNA

Question 27

Enzymes (functional proteins)

Answer 27

Biological catalysts “speed up the rate” of chemical reactions “regulators”

Question 28

Coenzyme

Answer 28

Non protein component of some enzymes
Ex: vitamins

Question 29

Ribozyme

Answer 29

Enzyme made out of RNA

Question 30

Active site

Answer 30

Pocket where a substrate fits in a enzyme

Lock and Key Model

Question 31

Induced fit

Answer 31

Enzyme bends tightly to substrate that binds to its active site “tighter fit”

Question 32

Enzyme + substrate

Answer 32

Form a complex

Question 33

Higher temperature

Answer 33

Higher rate of enzyme activity above
If it goes above the optimum temperature, enzyme denatures causing the “active site” to be altered

Question 34

PH

Answer 34

Above 7 are basic enzymes
Below 7 are acidic enzymes

Ex:
pepsin = PH of 2 (stomach)
Trypsin = PH of 8 (intestine)