HUBS192 Lecture 6 - Cardiovascular system, Circulatory System Anatomy, Arteries and Veins Flashcards
what does the colour red indicate?
indicates an artery
what does the colour blue indicate?
indicates a vein
what is the blood supply path from the heart to the foot in terms of the major arteries?
1) starts at the ascending aorta down to the
2) aortic arch down to the
3) descending thoracic aorta down to the
4) abdominal aorta down to the
5) aortic bification descending down the
6) common iliac artery to the
7) external iliac artery and down to the
8) femoral artery down to the
9) popliteal artery down to the
10) posterior tibial artery and finally down to the
11) plantar arch
what is the blood supply path from the foot back up to the heart in terms of the major veins?
1) starts at the plantar venous arch and up to
2) posterior tibial vein up to the
3) popliteal vein up the
4) great saphenous vein up to the
5) femoral vein up to the
6) external iliac vein and up the
7) common iliac vein up to the
8) inferior vena cava
what is the great saphenous vein?
the longest superficial vein that runs from the ankle to the groin
what are the 3 layers of the blood vessel wall?
1) tunica intima
2) tunica media
3) tunica adventitia (externa)
what 3 components make up the tunica intima?
1) endothelium
2) sub-endothelium
3) internal elastic lamina (IEL)
what is endothelium?
simple squamous epithelium which lines the lumen of all tissues
what is sub-endothelium?
sparse pad of loose FCT cushioning the endothelium
what is the internal elastic lamina (IEL)?
condensed sheet of elastic tissue
what is the relationship between the development of IEL in arteries and veins?
IEL is well developed in arteries and less developed in veins
what 2 components make up the tunica media?
1) smooth muscle
2) connective tissue fibres (mainly collagen and elastin)
how is the thickness of the tunica media determined?
thickness of the media is proportional to both vessel diameter and blood pressure
what 3 components make up the tunica externa?
1) loose FCT (high content of collagen and varying amounts of elastin)
2) lymphatics
3) autonomic nerves
what is found in large vessels in the tunica externa?
vasa vasorum
what is the function of an arteriole?
resistance vessels of the circulation that determine blood pressure
what is the function of capillaries?
site of exchange between blood and tissues
what is the function of venules?
smallest venous drainage system that is the start of the collecting (drainage) system
what are the 3 functions of veins?
1) low pressure, large volume transport system
2) one-way flow
3) capacitance vessels
what is the histological structure of veins?
irregular, flattened shape with a large lumen and a thin wall
what are capacitance vessels?
have spare capacity to take up extra blood volume
what are the 3 layers of veins?
1) intima
2) media
3) externa
what is different about the tunica media layer in veins compared to arteries?
media is much thinner than arteries composed of a few layers of smooth muscle in 2 distinct layers
what is the thickest layer of a vein?
tunica externa
what is the function of the IEL?
forms a boundary between the tunica media and the tunica intima and to store energy
what is the largest venous drainage system?
the vena cavae
what is the function of the thoracic aorta?
to act as a passive recoil pump that dampens pulsitility of the blood
what is the function of the tunica externa?
stops expansion
what is the function of the venous valve?
ensures blood flow in one direction by stopping back flow with bicuspid leaflets
what is the limiting component of veins?
tunica externa
what happens to the flow of blood in a deep vein?
as skeletal muscle constricts blood is pushed in both directions but the bicuspid valve stops the back flow of blood
what happens to cause a venous reflex?
when the valve leaflets in the lumen do not grow therefore there is an opening for bloodflow
