HUBS192 Lecture 2 - Skin anatomy of the skin, part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

hair consists of

A

1) hair shaft
2) hair follicle
3) arrector pili muscle
4) sebaceous gland

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2
Q

location of hair

A

located all over the body (only prominent on the head)

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3
Q

sebaceous gland function

A

to produce sebum

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4
Q

sebum function

A

acts a natural moisturiser and water repellent

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5
Q

acne

A

caused by the blockage of hair follicles and infection

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6
Q

sebum secretion

A

sebum is secreted onto the hair shaft

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7
Q

sweat glands

A

1) eccrine glands

2) apocrine glands

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8
Q

eccrine glands

A
  • present everywhere

- control thermoregulation

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9
Q

eccrine glands location

A

base of the eccrine is located in the dermis and terminates at the skins surface (not associated with hair)

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10
Q

apocrine glands

A
  • located deep into the skin

- release ‘oil’ into the base of the hair follicle

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11
Q

fingernail function

A

1) protect fingertips

2) enhance sensation because sensory require deformation

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12
Q

melanin function

A

melanin pigment absorbs UV light to protect cells from UV damage

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13
Q

melanocytes

A

melanin pigment producing cells that are not shed

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14
Q

melanosomes

A

vesicles containing melanin that are shed with keratinocytes

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15
Q

what is a mole

A
  • cluster of melanocytes

- can be caused by sun exposure

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16
Q

what is a freckle

A
  • caused by melanocytes overproducing melanosomes

- overproduction triggered by UV exposure

17
Q

melanocytes location

A

only found in the stratum basale

18
Q

melanosomes location

A

found throughout the epidermis

19
Q

vitamin D function

A

essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones

20
Q

requirement for vitamin D synthesis

A

UV exposure in the skin is required

21
Q

relationship between latitude and pigmentation

A

greater number of lightly pigmented skin at higher latitudes

22
Q

relationship between highly pigmented people and vitamin D deficiency

A

highly pigmented people are more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency

23
Q

rickets

A

bone deformation due to vitamin D deficiency

24
Q

basal cell carcinoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis

A
  • common but relatively harmless
  • originates in stratum basale
  • rare metastasis
25
Q

malignant melanoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis

A
  • rare but deadly if not treated
  • originates in melanocytes
  • highly metastatic
  • mortality rate dependant on tumour
26
Q

metastasis

A

movement of melanoma from one location to another

27
Q

high metastasis

A

very likely to move from one location to another

28
Q

why is metastasis dangerous?

A

because if the melanoma depth reaches the dermis, because the dermis is vascular through circulation it can travel to different locations

29
Q

what is a tattoo

A

artificial pigmentation deposited in the dermal layer because it is not shed but is captured inside immune cells and scar tissue

30
Q

types of tattoos

A

1) trauma
2) decorative
3) cosmetic