HUBS192 Lecture 2 - Skin anatomy of the skin, part 2 Flashcards
hair consists of
1) hair shaft
2) hair follicle
3) arrector pili muscle
4) sebaceous gland
location of hair
located all over the body (only prominent on the head)
sebaceous gland function
to produce sebum
sebum function
acts a natural moisturiser and water repellent
acne
caused by the blockage of hair follicles and infection
sebum secretion
sebum is secreted onto the hair shaft
sweat glands
1) eccrine glands
2) apocrine glands
eccrine glands
- present everywhere
- control thermoregulation
eccrine glands location
base of the eccrine is located in the dermis and terminates at the skins surface (not associated with hair)
apocrine glands
- located deep into the skin
- release ‘oil’ into the base of the hair follicle
fingernail function
1) protect fingertips
2) enhance sensation because sensory require deformation
melanin function
melanin pigment absorbs UV light to protect cells from UV damage
melanocytes
melanin pigment producing cells that are not shed
melanosomes
vesicles containing melanin that are shed with keratinocytes
what is a mole
- cluster of melanocytes
- can be caused by sun exposure
what is a freckle
- caused by melanocytes overproducing melanosomes
- overproduction triggered by UV exposure
melanocytes location
only found in the stratum basale
melanosomes location
found throughout the epidermis
vitamin D function
essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones
requirement for vitamin D synthesis
UV exposure in the skin is required
relationship between latitude and pigmentation
greater number of lightly pigmented skin at higher latitudes
relationship between highly pigmented people and vitamin D deficiency
highly pigmented people are more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency
rickets
bone deformation due to vitamin D deficiency
basal cell carcinoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis
- common but relatively harmless
- originates in stratum basale
- rare metastasis
malignant melanoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis
- rare but deadly if not treated
- originates in melanocytes
- highly metastatic
- mortality rate dependant on tumour
metastasis
movement of melanoma from one location to another
high metastasis
very likely to move from one location to another
why is metastasis dangerous?
because if the melanoma depth reaches the dermis, because the dermis is vascular through circulation it can travel to different locations
what is a tattoo
artificial pigmentation deposited in the dermal layer because it is not shed but is captured inside immune cells and scar tissue
types of tattoos
1) trauma
2) decorative
3) cosmetic
