HUBS192 Lecture 2 - Skin anatomy of the skin, part 2

Question 1

hair consists of

Answer 1

1) hair shaft
2) hair follicle
3) arrector pili muscle
4) sebaceous gland

Question 2

location of hair

Answer 2

located all over the body (only prominent on the head)

Question 3

sebaceous gland function

Answer 3

to produce sebum

Question 4

sebum function

Answer 4

acts a natural moisturiser and water repellent

Question 5

acne

Answer 5

caused by the blockage of hair follicles and infection

Question 6

sebum secretion

Answer 6

sebum is secreted onto the hair shaft

Question 7

sweat glands

Answer 7

1) eccrine glands

2) apocrine glands

Question 8

eccrine glands

Answer 8

• present everywhere

- control thermoregulation

Question 9

eccrine glands location

Answer 9

base of the eccrine is located in the dermis and terminates at the skins surface (not associated with hair)

Question 10

apocrine glands

Answer 10

• located deep into the skin

- release ‘oil’ into the base of the hair follicle

Question 11

fingernail function

Answer 11

1) protect fingertips

2) enhance sensation because sensory require deformation

Question 12

melanin function

Answer 12

melanin pigment absorbs UV light to protect cells from UV damage

Question 13

melanocytes

Answer 13

melanin pigment producing cells that are not shed

Question 14

melanosomes

Answer 14

vesicles containing melanin that are shed with keratinocytes

Question 15

what is a mole

Answer 15

• cluster of melanocytes

- can be caused by sun exposure

Question 16

what is a freckle

Answer 16

• caused by melanocytes overproducing melanosomes

- overproduction triggered by UV exposure

Question 17

melanocytes location

Answer 17

only found in the stratum basale

Question 18

melanosomes location

Answer 18

found throughout the epidermis

Question 19

vitamin D function

Answer 19

essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones

Question 20

requirement for vitamin D synthesis

Answer 20

UV exposure in the skin is required

Question 21

relationship between latitude and pigmentation

Answer 21

greater number of lightly pigmented skin at higher latitudes

Question 22

relationship between highly pigmented people and vitamin D deficiency

Answer 22

highly pigmented people are more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency

Question 23

rickets

Answer 23

bone deformation due to vitamin D deficiency

Question 24

basal cell carcinoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis

Answer 24

• common but relatively harmless
• originates in stratum basale
• rare metastasis

Question 25

malignant melanoma effect, origin and chance of metastasis

Answer 25

- rare but deadly if not treated - originates in melanocytes - highly metastatic - mortality rate dependant on tumour

Question 26

metastasis

Answer 26

movement of melanoma from one location to another

Question 27

high metastasis

Answer 27

very likely to move from one location to another

Question 28

why is metastasis dangerous?

Answer 28

because if the melanoma depth reaches the dermis, because the dermis is vascular through circulation it can travel to different locations

Question 29

what is a tattoo

Answer 29

artificial pigmentation deposited in the dermal layer because it is not shed but is captured inside immune cells and scar tissue

Question 30

types of tattoos

Answer 30

1) trauma 2) decorative 3) cosmetic