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HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 > HUBS192 Lecture 36 - Female Reproductive System I > Flashcards

HUBS192 Lecture 36 - Female Reproductive System I Flashcards

1
Q

how many sperm are produced from one primary spermatocyte?

A

4 sperm (from the daughter cells)

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2
Q

which accessory gland contributes the most to seminal fluid in terms of volume?

A

seminal vesicles make up 60%

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3
Q

what is the specific name of the process by which spermatids become spermatozoa?

A

spermiogenesis

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4
Q

what are the 4 functions of the female reproductive system?

A

1) to produce oocytes (female gamete)
2) transport ova and spermatozoa to the appropriate site for fertilisation
3) provides a site for the developing embryo and fetus to grow (protection and nourishment)
4) delivery of fetus

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5
Q

why is the female reproductive system complex unlike the male reproductive system?

A

complex unlike males as females under go cycles of change through the menstrual cycle

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6
Q

where is the female peritoneum located?

A

region inferior to the pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm and between the upper region of the thighs

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7
Q

what does the urogenital triangle include?

A

the external genitalia which is the vulva, opening of the urethra and the vagina

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8
Q

what does the anal triangle include?

A

the anus

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9
Q

what is the vulva also known as?

A

the pudendum

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10
Q

what is the mons pubis?

A

area in front of the pubic symphysis

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11
Q

what is the labia?

A

2 lip-like structures

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12
Q

what is the labia majora?

A

outermost labia that is larger and more lateral

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13
Q

what is the labia minora?

A

innermost labia that is smaller and more medial

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14
Q

what is the vestibule of the vagina?

A

space between associated with the vagina

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15
Q

what is the function of the vestibule of the vagina?

A

to close over and project the vaginal opening

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16
Q

where are the vestibular glands located?

A

located deep to the labia

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17
Q

what is the function of the vestibular glands

A

to lubricate the vaginal orifice (opening)

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18
Q

where does the labia minora spread around?

A

spreads around the vagina and the urethral (meatus) openings

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19
Q

what is the clitoris?

A

complex erectile organ

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20
Q

what are the 2 types of vestibular glands?

A

1) lesser vestibular glands

2) greater vestibular glands

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21
Q

where does pubic hair grow?

A

over the mons pubis and over the lateral surface of the labia majora

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22
Q

where do the lesser vestibular glands open into?

A

open into the vestibule around the openings of the urethra

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23
Q

what is the function of the lesser vestibular gland secretions?

A

secretions help lubricate the vestibule and keep it moist on a day to day basis

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24
Q

where are the greater vestibular glands located?

A

located deep to the labia with two small hole openings

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25
Q

what is the function of the greater vestibular gland secretions?

A

secrete when a female aroused that lubricates the vestibule and the lower part of the vagina

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26
Q

what are the greater vestibular glands developed homologous with?

A

developed homologous to the bulbourethral glands

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27
Q

what are the 4 components of the clitoris?

A

1) glans
2) body
3) crura x2
4) bulbs x2

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28
Q

what is the clitoris developed homologous with?

A

developed homologous to the penis

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29
Q

does the urethra pass through the clitoris?

A

no the urethra does not pass through the clitoris it has a as seperate opening

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30
Q

where do the erectile tissues sit?

A

sit deep to the labia minora

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31
Q

what is the relationship between the urethra and the vagina in terms of females compared to males?

A

urethra and vagina have seperate openings in females

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32
Q

fill in the blank:

the perineum is divided into 2 regions known as the ____ and ____ triangles

A

urogenital

anal

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33
Q

fill in the blank:

the ____ triangle contains the female external genitalia, which is collectively known as the ____

A

urogenital

vulva

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34
Q

fill in the blank:

the vulva incorporates the mons pubis, labia minora and ____, vestibule, _____ glands and the clitoris

A

labia majora

vestibular

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35
Q

what are the 5 structure that compose the female reproductive tract?

A

1) ovary
2) uterine tubes
3) uterus
4) cervix
5) vagina

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36
Q

what is the ovary?

A

the female gonad where oogenesis (production of oocytes) takes place

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37
Q

what are the 3 parts of the uterine tubes?

A

1) lateral is the infundibulum
2) ampulla
3) isthmus (closest to the uterus)

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38
Q

what is another name for the uterine tubes?

A

the Fallopian tubes

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39
Q

what is the infundibulum composed of?

A

finger-like projections

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40
Q

what is the function of the finger-like projections of the infundibulum?

A

help to collect up the ovulated oocyte into the reproductive tract

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41
Q

what is the most common site of fertilisation?

A

the ampulla

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42
Q

what is the isthmus?

A

where the uterine tube narrows into the uterus

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43
Q

what are the 3 regions of the uterus?

A

the body of the uterus including the fundus and the cervix

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44
Q

what does the fundus of the uterus contain?

A

contains thick muscular tissue where the main contractions occur that to help birth a fetus

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45
Q

what is the myometrium of the uterus lined with?

A

lined with a layer of tissue called the endometrium

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46
Q

what occurs at the endometrium?

A

endometrium tissue is where all the changes associated with the menstrual cycle take place - grows, develops, breaks down and bleeds

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47
Q

what occurs at the endometrium?

A

endometrium tissue is where all the changes associated with the menstrual cycle take place - grows, develops, breaks down and bleeds

48
Q

what is the key function of the cervix?

A

to protect the uterus in the upper reproductive tract against infection and regulates the movement of sperm up into the uterus

49
Q

what is the copulatory organ of the female reproductive tract?

A

the vagina

50
Q

where is the cervix located?

A

protrudes into the top of the vagina

51
Q

what does the cervix produce?

A

mucus that is hostile towards spermatozoa

52
Q

what tissues lines the uterus?

A

endometrium

53
Q

what are the ligaments that help to support the tissues of the reproductive tract?

A

1) ovarian ligament
2) suspensory ligament
3) round ligament
4) broad ligament

54
Q

what is the broad ligament?

A

sheets of peritoneum that folds over the the reproductive tract (including the ovarian ligament, suspensory ligament and round ligament)

55
Q

what is the infundibulum? (in terms of shape and structure)

A

funnel shaped portion with finger like projections called fimbriae

56
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

the dilated area where fertilisation occurs (normally)

57
Q

what do oocytes implant as?

A

implant as a blastocyst

58
Q

where is the uterus located?

A

posterior to the bladder but anterior to the rectum

59
Q

what are the 2 functions of the uterus in terms of a fetus?

A

1) allows interaction with the fetal membrane to allow the fetus to develop
2) can stretch and grow to develop a fetus

60
Q

what is the colloquial term for the uterus?

A

the womb

61
Q

what are the 3 layers of the uterus? (from inner to outer)

A

1) endometrium (inner layer)
2) myometrium (middle layer)
3) perimetrium (outer layer)

62
Q

what layer surrounds the uterus?

A

the perimetrium layer (the outer layer)

63
Q

what is the myometrium (middle layer) of the uterus made up of?

A

made up of smooth muscle

64
Q

what layer makes up the majority of the uterus?

A

the myometrium (middle layer)

65
Q

what 3 things compose the endometrium?

A

1) columnar epithelium
2) uterine glands
3) arteries

66
Q

what are the 2 parts of the endometrium (inner layer) of the uterus?

A

1) top part

2) bottom part

67
Q

what is the top part of the endometrium (inner layer) of the uterus?

A

the functional layer that does all the changing throughout the menstrual cycle

68
Q

what is the bottom layer of the endometrium (inner layer) of the uterus?

A

the basal layer

69
Q

what are both parts of the endometrium (inner layer) lined with?

A

both parts lined with columnar epithelium

70
Q

where does the cervix protrude into?

A

protrudes into the vagina

71
Q

what does the cervical canal provide?

A

provides a passage between the uterine cavity and the vagina

72
Q

what are the 3 regions of the cervix?

A

1) external os
2) cervical canal
3) interna os

73
Q

what is the external os of the cervix?

A

the opening into the vagina

74
Q

what is the internal os of the cervix?

A

opening into the internal uterus

75
Q

what does the cervix produce?

A

produces cervical mucus

76
Q

what are the 2 functions of the cervix?

A

1) regulates sperm transport

2) provides protection

77
Q

what is the relationship between cervical mucus and ovulation?

A

cervical mucus becomes more watery and thinner during ovulation to allow sperm to move up into the reproductive tract

78
Q

what is the vagina?

A

a fibromuscular, distensible female copulatory organ

79
Q

what is the dual function of the vagina?

A

1) female copulatory organ

2) part of the birth canal

80
Q

where is the vagina located?

A

lies between the urinary bladder and rectum

81
Q

where does the vagina extend from?

A

extends from the perineum to the cervix

82
Q

where is sperm ejaculated?

A

ejaculated up through the upper regions of the vagina

83
Q

where is the complex blood supply to the female reproductive tract from?

A

from direct branches off the abdominal aorta and internal iliac arteries that are often connected

84
Q

what is the blood supply to the ovaries from?

A

from the ovarian arteries

85
Q

where is the blood supply from the uterus from?

A

from the uterine artery (spiral arteries)

86
Q

where is the blood supply from the vagina from?

A

from the vaginal artery

87
Q

what are the uterine and vaginal artery branches off of?

A

internal iliac artery branches

88
Q

what are the ovarian arteries branches off of?

A

abdominal aorta branches

89
Q

what are the main source of blood loss during menstration?

A

spiral (coiled) arteries are the main source of blood loss

90
Q

fill in the blank:

the uterus consists of the body (with _____) and the cervix

A

fundus

91
Q

what is the ovary? (in terms of structures)

A

bilateral structures

92
Q

where are the ovaries located?

A

lateral and posterior to the uterus on the lateral portion of the true pelvic cavity

93
Q

what are tertiary follicles largely filled with?

A

largely filled with water

94
Q

what collects the oocyte?

A

fimbriae come in and collect the oocyte

95
Q

what are the 2 regions that compose the ovaries?

A
  • the outer cortex (follicles)

- the inner medulla (connective tissue, blood/lymphatic vessels and nerves)

96
Q

what composes the outer cortex of the ovaries?

A

follicles

97
Q

what 3 things composes the inner medulla of the ovaries?

A

1) connective tissue
2) blood/lymphatic vessels
3) nerves

98
Q

what are the ovaries the site of?

A

site of oogenesis and hormone production

99
Q

what does the corpus lutem regress to form?

A

regresses to form the corpus albicans

100
Q

what produces the hormones in the ovaries?

A

follicular cells

101
Q

what hormone is produced by the corpus lutem?

A

progesterone hormone is produced by the corpus lutem

102
Q

what are the 3 broad ligaments?

A

1) mesometrium
2) mesosalpinx
3) mesovarium

103
Q

what is the mesometrium ligament?

A

where the sheets come up and over the uterus

104
Q

what is the mesosalpinx?

A

where the sheets come up and over the uterine tubes

105
Q

what is the mesovarium?

A

where the sheets come up and over the ovary

106
Q

what is a reproductive tract ligament?

A

folds of connective tissue or a broad layer of peritoneum

107
Q

what is the vesicouterine pouch?

A

continuous fold of broad ligament (visceral peritoneum) over the anteriorly located bladder

108
Q

what is the rectouterine pouch?

A

continuous fold of broad ligament (visceral peritoneum) over the posteriorly located rectum

109
Q

what is the function of the breasts?

A

to nourish infants in the form of milk production

110
Q

what muscles do the breasts lie on?

A

lie on the pectorals major muscles

111
Q

what 2 hormones stimulate the development of breast tissue?

A

1) estradiol

2) progesterone

112
Q

what is the milk drainage pathway through the breasts?

A

lobes –> lobules –> alveoli –> lactiferous ducts –> lactiferous sinuses that open at nipple pores

113
Q

what supports the glands in the breasts?

A

suspensory ligaments support the glands

114
Q

what gives breasts variation in shapes and sizes?

A

variation of adipose tissue

115
Q

what are the 3 functions of the female reproductive structures that are held in place by a complicated network of ligaments?

A

1) anchor and support
2) have vasculature and nerves running through them
3) form important anatomical boundaries (i.e pouches)

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 (38 decks)

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