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HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 > HUBS192 Lecture 4 - Cardiovascular system, Anatomy of the Heart, part 1 > Flashcards

HUBS192 Lecture 4 - Cardiovascular system, Anatomy of the Heart, part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the blood vascular system?

A

a continuous closed supply and drainage system loop

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2
Q

what is the lymphatic (vascular) system?

A

a one-way open-entry drainage system

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3
Q

what does the colour blue represent?

A

deoxygenated blood

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4
Q

what does the colour red represent?

A

oxygenated blood

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5
Q

what does the colour purple represent?

A

vessels involved in gas exchange

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6
Q

what are the 3 general principles of organisation of the cardiovascular system?

A

1) supply side
2) exchange network
3) drainage

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7
Q

what are the only supply path?

A

arteries are the only supply path

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8
Q

where are major arteries situated?

A

situated to avoid damage

e.g deep in the trunk

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9
Q

what is different about important structures in terms of number of arteries?

A

important structures often receive supply from two seperate arteries

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10
Q

what is the relationship between the name of an artery and each new branch

A

arteries change their name at each major branch

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11
Q

what are the 3 capillaries of the exchange network and how permeable are each of them?

A

1) continuous (controlled=tight)
2) fenestrated (leaky)
3) sinusoidal (very leaky)

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12
Q

what are the 3 pathways for drainage?

A

1) deep veins
2) superficial veins
3) lymphatics

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13
Q

what is the relationship between CSA of veins compared to arteries

A

CSA of veins is at least twice the CSA of arteries to move the same volume of blood per second

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14
Q

what is the shape of the heart?

A

the heart is blunt and cone shaped with an apex (pointed end) and a base (broad end)

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15
Q

where is the heart located?

A

2 thirds of the heart is located to the left of the midline in the chest

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16
Q

what is the midclavicular line?

A

the point where the apex points where there is the PMI of the apex beat

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17
Q

what is the PMI?

A

the point of maximal impulse of the apex beat (most efficient)

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18
Q

where is the apex located?

A

on the anterior left side of the chest by the 5th and 6th ribs

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19
Q

where is the base located?

A

between the 2nd and 3rd ribs

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20
Q

what is permeability?

A

how easy it is for blood to leave into the surrounding tissue

21
Q

what is the function of the right atrium?

A

receives deoxygenated blood from the body

22
Q

what is the function of the right ventricle?

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

23
Q

what is the function of the left atrium?

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

24
Q

what is the function of the left ventricle?

A

pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries

25
Q

what is systemic circulation?

A

the branch of the circulatory system that supplies all body organs and then returns de-oxygenated blood to the right atrium via the veins

26
Q

what is the function of the inter-ventricular septum?

A

separates the 2 ventricles

27
Q

what is the function of the superior vena cava?

A

drains all the deoxygenated blood from anything above the diaphragm

28
Q

what is the function of the inferior vena cava?

A

drains all the deoxygenated blood from anything below the diaphragm

29
Q

what is the tricuspid valve?

A

3 leaflets that stop blood back flow

30
Q

what is the pulmonary valve?

A

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

31
Q

what is the flow of blood from the left atrium & ventricle

A

blood enters from the left pulmonary veins into the left atrium down the left ventricle and up through to the aorta

32
Q

what does the right atrium receive and what is it composed of?

A

receives deoxygenated blood

  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
33
Q

what does the left atrium receive and what is it composed of?

A

receives oxygenated blood

-4 pulmonary veins

34
Q

what are the 4 layers of the heart wall from deep to superficial?

A

1) endocardium
2) myocardium
3) epicardium
all covered in pericardium

35
Q

what is the main tissue structure of the heart?

A

myocardium because myo means muscle and the heart is composed of cardiac and smooth muscle for contraction

36
Q

what is the composition of endocardium?

A
  • squamous epithelium
  • loose irregular fibrous connective tissue (FCT)
  • small blood vessels
  • purkinje fibres
37
Q

what is the thickness of the right side of the heart?

A

0.5cm

38
Q

what is the thickness of the left side of the heart?

A

1.5cm

39
Q

what are the 4 things present in epicardium?

A

1) visceral pericardium
2) large blood vessels (represented by a circle)
3) loose irregular FCT
4) adipose tissue

40
Q

what are the layers of pericardium from outer to inner?

A

1) fibrous pericardium
2) parietal layer of serous pericardium
3) pericardial cavity
4) visceral serous pericardium

41
Q

what are the 4 things present in epicardium?

A

1) visceral serous pericardium
2) loose irregular FCT
3) blood vessels
4) adipose tissue

42
Q

what is the relationship between pericardium and epicardium?

A

there is an overlap between pericardium and epicardium as part of the pericardium is also a part of the epicardium

43
Q

what is endothelium?

A

essential for the heart and stops blood clotting

44
Q

what are the layers of pericardium from outermost to innermost?

A

1) parietal pericardium
2) pericardial fluid
3) visceral pericardium

45
Q

where is blood drained from?

A

blood is drained from the atrium to the ventricular system

46
Q

what is an essential feature of arteries?

A

arteries carry blood over high pressure and high velocity

47
Q

what is an artery?

A

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body

48
Q

what is a vein?

A

blood vessel that carries de-oxygenated blood from the body to the heart for re-oxygenation

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 (38 decks)

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