HUBS192 Lecture 34 - Male Reproductive System I

Question 1

what are gonads?

Answer 1

organs were gametes (sex cells) are produced

Question 2

what are the female gonads?

Answer 2

ovaries

Question 3

what are the female gametes?

Answer 3

oocytes (egg)

Question 4

what are the male gonads?

Answer 4

testes

Question 5

what are the male gametes?

Answer 5

spermatozoa (sperm)

Question 6

what is fertilisation?

Answer 6

fusion of gametes to form an embryo

Question 7

what is coitus?

Answer 7

sex

Question 8

what is the pelvis?

Answer 8

bony basin between the trunk and the lower limbs that consists of the hip bones + sacrum + coccyx

Question 9

what is the pelvic inlet?

Answer 9

always open space that is always larger than the pelvic outlet

Question 10

what is the pelvic outlet closed by?

Answer 10

closed by muscles

Question 11

what are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?

Answer 11

1) false/greater pelvis

2) true/lesser pelvis

Question 12

what is the false/greater pelvis?

Answer 12

superior region of the pelvis that is above the pelvic inlet

Question 13

what is the true/lesser pelvis?

Answer 13

inferior region of the pelvis that is between the inlet and outlet

Question 14

what does the false/greater pelvis contain?

Answer 14

contains the GI tract

Question 15

what does the true/lesser pelvis contain?

Answer 15

contains internal reproductive organs

Question 16

what are the 3 adaptations to the female pelvis?

Answer 16

1) broader subpubic angle
2) oval inlet
3) straighter coccyx

Question 17

what are the 3 adaptations of the male pelvis?

Answer 17

1) narrower subpubic angle
2) heart shaped inlet
3) curved coccyx

Question 18

what is the pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 18

2 layers of muscles that close over the pelvic outlet

Question 19

what is the male perineum located?

Answer 19

the region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs

Question 20

what does the male perineum include?

Answer 20

includes the external genitalia and the anus

Question 21

what are the 2 triangular divisions of the male perineum?

Answer 21

1) anterior = urogenital triangle

2) posterior = anal triangle

Question 22

what does the urogenital triangle consist of?

Answer 22

the urethral opening and the external geneitalia

Question 23

what does the anal triangle consist of?

Answer 23

anal canal and fat

Question 24

what is the anterior triangular division of the male perineum?

Answer 24

the urogenital triangle

Question 25

what is the posterior triangular division of the male perineum?

Answer 25

the anal triangle

Question 26

fill in the blank: | internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the _______ pelvis

Answer 26

true/lesser

Question 27

fill in the blank: | the external genitalia is found in the ______ triangle of the perineal region

Answer 27

urogenital

Question 28

fill in the blank: | openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and ____

Answer 28

anus

Question 29

openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, _____ and ______

Answer 29

anus and vagina

Question 30

what are the 2 functions of the male reproductive system?

Answer 30

1) to produce spermatozoa (sperm/male gamete) | 2) transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

Question 31

what 3 parts make up the male reproductive system?

Answer 31

1) testes (male gland) 2) reproductive tract/gland 3) accessory structures and glands

Question 32

what is the pathway of spermatozoa through the male reproductive tract?

Answer 32

spermatozoa are produced in the testes and are transported through the epididymis which is continuous with the ductus (vas) deferens (allows transport and storage through out the cavity and widens to for the ampulla) then via the ejaculatory duct to the urethra (prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile urethra)

Question 33

where are the testes found?

Answer 33

found in the sac of skin called the scrotum

Question 34

what 3 structures does the scrotum contain?

Answer 34

1) two testes 2) two epididymides 3) two spermatic cords (with part of the ductus deferens)

Question 35

what do the testes produce?

Answer 35

produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin

Question 36

where are the testes located?

Answer 36

lie in the scrotum outside the body

Question 37

what is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 37

dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes

Question 38

what do the testes have?

Answer 38

have lobules

Question 39

what do the lobules of testes contain?

Answer 39

lobules containing seminiferous tubules

Question 40

what are the rete testis?

Answer 40

tubules that have joined to form the rete testis

Question 41

what are ductules?

Answer 41

rete testis that have joined to ductules

Question 42

where do ductules lead up to?

Answer 42

lead to the epididymis

Question 43

what is the function of myoid cells?

Answer 43

transport sperm down to the rete testes

Question 44

what are the 3 cells associated with the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 44

1) interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells 2) nurse (sertoli) cells 3) spermatogenic cells

Question 45

what do interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells produce?

Answer 45

produce testosterone

Question 46

what do nurse (sertoli) cells produce?

Answer 46

produce inhibin

Question 47

what do spermatogenic cells store?

Answer 47

spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

Question 48

where are the interstitial endocrine cells located?

Answer 48

located just outside the seminiferous tubules

Question 49

where are he nurse cells located?

Answer 49

located on the edge of the inside of the seminiferous tubules

Question 50

where are the spermatogenic cells located?

Answer 50

located jus outside the seminiferous tubules

Question 51

what are the 3 parts of the epididymis?

Answer 51

1) head 2) body 3) tail

Question 52

where does sperm enter and exit from?

Answer 52

sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via the ductus deferens

Question 53

what is the epididymis an important site for?

Answer 53

site of sperm maturation

Question 54

where does the ductus deferens start?

Answer 54

starts in the spermatic cord

Question 55

what is the ductus deferens covered by?

Answer 55

covered by smooth muscle

Question 56

where does the ductus deferens run behind?

Answer 56

runs behind the urinary bladder

Question 57

what does the ductus deferens dilate to form?

Answer 57

dilates to from the ampulla

Question 58

what are the ejaculatory ducts formed by?

Answer 58

formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla

Question 59

where do the ejaculatory ducts open in?

Answer 59

opens in the prostatic urethra

Question 60

what are the 2 functions of the male urethra?

Answer 60

1) urination | 2) ejaculation

Question 61

what are the epithelia changes in the male urethra?

Answer 61

transitional epithelium --> columnar --> stratified squamous

Question 62

what is the external urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?

Answer 62

skeletal muscle that controls the voluntary control of urination

Question 63

what is the internal urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?

Answer 63

detrusor muscle that controls the closing of the bladder ensuring sperm is ejalculated through the urethra

Question 64

what is retrograde ejaculation?

Answer 64

when the sphincter doesn't close therefore sperm ends up in the bladder