HUBS192 Lecture 34 - Male Reproductive System I Flashcards
what are gonads?
organs were gametes (sex cells) are produced
what are the female gonads?
ovaries
what are the female gametes?
oocytes (egg)
what are the male gonads?
testes
what are the male gametes?
spermatozoa (sperm)
what is fertilisation?
fusion of gametes to form an embryo
what is coitus?
sex
what is the pelvis?
bony basin between the trunk and the lower limbs that consists of the hip bones + sacrum + coccyx
what is the pelvic inlet?
always open space that is always larger than the pelvic outlet
what is the pelvic outlet closed by?
closed by muscles
what are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?
1) false/greater pelvis
2) true/lesser pelvis
what is the false/greater pelvis?
superior region of the pelvis that is above the pelvic inlet
what is the true/lesser pelvis?
inferior region of the pelvis that is between the inlet and outlet
what does the false/greater pelvis contain?
contains the GI tract
what does the true/lesser pelvis contain?
contains internal reproductive organs
what are the 3 adaptations to the female pelvis?
1) broader subpubic angle
2) oval inlet
3) straighter coccyx
what are the 3 adaptations of the male pelvis?
1) narrower subpubic angle
2) heart shaped inlet
3) curved coccyx
what is the pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm?
2 layers of muscles that close over the pelvic outlet
what is the male perineum located?
the region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs
what does the male perineum include?
includes the external genitalia and the anus
what are the 2 triangular divisions of the male perineum?
1) anterior = urogenital triangle
2) posterior = anal triangle
what does the urogenital triangle consist of?
the urethral opening and the external geneitalia
what does the anal triangle consist of?
anal canal and fat
what is the anterior triangular division of the male perineum?
the urogenital triangle
what is the posterior triangular division of the male perineum?
the anal triangle
fill in the blank:
internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the _______ pelvis
true/lesser
fill in the blank:
the external genitalia is found in the ______ triangle of the perineal region
urogenital
fill in the blank:
openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and ____
anus
openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, _____ and ______
anus and vagina
what are the 2 functions of the male reproductive system?
1) to produce spermatozoa (sperm/male gamete)
2) transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract
what 3 parts make up the male reproductive system?
1) testes (male gland)
2) reproductive tract/gland
3) accessory structures and glands
what is the pathway of spermatozoa through the male reproductive tract?
spermatozoa are produced in the testes and are transported through the epididymis which is continuous with the ductus (vas) deferens (allows transport and storage through out the cavity and widens to for the ampulla) then via the ejaculatory duct to the urethra (prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile urethra)
where are the testes found?
found in the sac of skin called the scrotum
what 3 structures does the scrotum contain?
1) two testes
2) two epididymides
3) two spermatic cords (with part of the ductus deferens)
what do the testes produce?
produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin
where are the testes located?
lie in the scrotum outside the body
what is the tunica albuginea?
dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes
what do the testes have?
have lobules
what do the lobules of testes contain?
lobules containing seminiferous tubules
what are the rete testis?
tubules that have joined to form the rete testis
what are ductules?
rete testis that have joined to ductules
where do ductules lead up to?
lead to the epididymis
what is the function of myoid cells?
transport sperm down to the rete testes
what are the 3 cells associated with the seminiferous tubules?
1) interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells
2) nurse (sertoli) cells
3) spermatogenic cells
what do interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells produce?
produce testosterone
what do nurse (sertoli) cells produce?
produce inhibin
what do spermatogenic cells store?
spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development
where are the interstitial endocrine cells located?
located just outside the seminiferous tubules
where are he nurse cells located?
located on the edge of the inside of the seminiferous tubules
where are the spermatogenic cells located?
located jus outside the seminiferous tubules
what are the 3 parts of the epididymis?
1) head
2) body
3) tail
where does sperm enter and exit from?
sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via the ductus deferens
what is the epididymis an important site for?
site of sperm maturation
where does the ductus deferens start?
starts in the spermatic cord
what is the ductus deferens covered by?
covered by smooth muscle
where does the ductus deferens run behind?
runs behind the urinary bladder
what does the ductus deferens dilate to form?
dilates to from the ampulla
what are the ejaculatory ducts formed by?
formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla
where do the ejaculatory ducts open in?
opens in the prostatic urethra
what are the 2 functions of the male urethra?
1) urination
2) ejaculation
what are the epithelia changes in the male urethra?
transitional epithelium –> columnar –> stratified squamous
what is the external urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?
skeletal muscle that controls the voluntary control of urination
what is the internal urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?
detrusor muscle that controls the closing of the bladder ensuring sperm is ejalculated through the urethra
what is retrograde ejaculation?
when the sphincter doesn’t close therefore sperm ends up in the bladder
