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HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 > HUBS192 Lecture 34 - Male Reproductive System I > Flashcards

HUBS192 Lecture 34 - Male Reproductive System I Flashcards

1
Q

what are gonads?

A

organs were gametes (sex cells) are produced

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2
Q

what are the female gonads?

A

ovaries

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3
Q

what are the female gametes?

A

oocytes (egg)

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4
Q

what are the male gonads?

A

testes

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5
Q

what are the male gametes?

A

spermatozoa (sperm)

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6
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

fusion of gametes to form an embryo

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7
Q

what is coitus?

A

sex

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8
Q

what is the pelvis?

A

bony basin between the trunk and the lower limbs that consists of the hip bones + sacrum + coccyx

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9
Q

what is the pelvic inlet?

A

always open space that is always larger than the pelvic outlet

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10
Q

what is the pelvic outlet closed by?

A

closed by muscles

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11
Q

what are the 2 pelvic subdivisions?

A

1) false/greater pelvis

2) true/lesser pelvis

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12
Q

what is the false/greater pelvis?

A

superior region of the pelvis that is above the pelvic inlet

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13
Q

what is the true/lesser pelvis?

A

inferior region of the pelvis that is between the inlet and outlet

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14
Q

what does the false/greater pelvis contain?

A

contains the GI tract

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15
Q

what does the true/lesser pelvis contain?

A

contains internal reproductive organs

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16
Q

what are the 3 adaptations to the female pelvis?

A

1) broader subpubic angle
2) oval inlet
3) straighter coccyx

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17
Q

what are the 3 adaptations of the male pelvis?

A

1) narrower subpubic angle
2) heart shaped inlet
3) curved coccyx

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18
Q

what is the pelvic floor/pelvic diaphragm?

A

2 layers of muscles that close over the pelvic outlet

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19
Q

what is the male perineum located?

A

the region inferior to the pelvic floor and between the upper region of the thighs

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20
Q

what does the male perineum include?

A

includes the external genitalia and the anus

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21
Q

what are the 2 triangular divisions of the male perineum?

A

1) anterior = urogenital triangle

2) posterior = anal triangle

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22
Q

what does the urogenital triangle consist of?

A

the urethral opening and the external geneitalia

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23
Q

what does the anal triangle consist of?

A

anal canal and fat

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24
Q

what is the anterior triangular division of the male perineum?

A

the urogenital triangle

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25
Q

what is the posterior triangular division of the male perineum?

A

the anal triangle

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26
Q

fill in the blank:

internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the _______ pelvis

A

true/lesser

27
Q

fill in the blank:

the external genitalia is found in the ______ triangle of the perineal region

A

urogenital

28
Q

fill in the blank:

openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and ____

A

anus

29
Q

openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, _____ and ______

A

anus and vagina

30
Q

what are the 2 functions of the male reproductive system?

A

1) to produce spermatozoa (sperm/male gamete)

2) transport spermatozoa into the female reproductive tract

31
Q

what 3 parts make up the male reproductive system?

A

1) testes (male gland)
2) reproductive tract/gland
3) accessory structures and glands

32
Q

what is the pathway of spermatozoa through the male reproductive tract?

A

spermatozoa are produced in the testes and are transported through the epididymis which is continuous with the ductus (vas) deferens (allows transport and storage through out the cavity and widens to for the ampulla) then via the ejaculatory duct to the urethra (prostatic, membranous, spongy/penile urethra)

33
Q

where are the testes found?

A

found in the sac of skin called the scrotum

34
Q

what 3 structures does the scrotum contain?

A

1) two testes
2) two epididymides
3) two spermatic cords (with part of the ductus deferens)

35
Q

what do the testes produce?

A

produce sperm, testosterone and inhibin

36
Q

where are the testes located?

A

lie in the scrotum outside the body

37
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A

dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes

38
Q

what do the testes have?

A

have lobules

39
Q

what do the lobules of testes contain?

A

lobules containing seminiferous tubules

40
Q

what are the rete testis?

A

tubules that have joined to form the rete testis

41
Q

what are ductules?

A

rete testis that have joined to ductules

42
Q

where do ductules lead up to?

A

lead to the epididymis

43
Q

what is the function of myoid cells?

A

transport sperm down to the rete testes

44
Q

what are the 3 cells associated with the seminiferous tubules?

A

1) interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells
2) nurse (sertoli) cells
3) spermatogenic cells

45
Q

what do interstitial endocrine (leydig) cells produce?

A

produce testosterone

46
Q

what do nurse (sertoli) cells produce?

A

produce inhibin

47
Q

what do spermatogenic cells store?

A

spermatogonia and spermatozoa at various stages of development

48
Q

where are the interstitial endocrine cells located?

A

located just outside the seminiferous tubules

49
Q

where are he nurse cells located?

A

located on the edge of the inside of the seminiferous tubules

50
Q

where are the spermatogenic cells located?

A

located jus outside the seminiferous tubules

51
Q

what are the 3 parts of the epididymis?

A

1) head
2) body
3) tail

52
Q

where does sperm enter and exit from?

A

sperm enter from seminiferous tubules and exit via the ductus deferens

53
Q

what is the epididymis an important site for?

A

site of sperm maturation

54
Q

where does the ductus deferens start?

A

starts in the spermatic cord

55
Q

what is the ductus deferens covered by?

A

covered by smooth muscle

56
Q

where does the ductus deferens run behind?

A

runs behind the urinary bladder

57
Q

what does the ductus deferens dilate to form?

A

dilates to from the ampulla

58
Q

what are the ejaculatory ducts formed by?

A

formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and the ampulla

59
Q

where do the ejaculatory ducts open in?

A

opens in the prostatic urethra

60
Q

what are the 2 functions of the male urethra?

A

1) urination

2) ejaculation

61
Q

what are the epithelia changes in the male urethra?

A

transitional epithelium –> columnar –> stratified squamous

62
Q

what is the external urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?

A

skeletal muscle that controls the voluntary control of urination

63
Q

what is the internal urinary/urethral sphincter made out of and what does it control?

A

detrusor muscle that controls the closing of the bladder ensuring sperm is ejalculated through the urethra

64
Q

what is retrograde ejaculation?

A

when the sphincter doesn’t close therefore sperm ends up in the bladder

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 (38 decks)

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