Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 > HUBS192 Lecture 14 - Respiratory System I: An Overview & the Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

HUBS192 Lecture 14 - Respiratory System I: An Overview & the Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of the respiratory system?

A

connected organs and structures that function to conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood of the circulatory system for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is 3 things are required for the optimal condition of air?

A

air needs to be

1) warm
2) clean
3) moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 5 things required for respiratory system to be effective?

A

1) a surface for gas exchange
2) a path for air to flow to reach the gas exchange surface in optimal condition
3) ability to draw breath in and out
4) produce sound (eg voice)
5) olfaction (sense of smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is olfaction?

A

another way of saying sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the relationship between a surface for gas exchange and blood and air?

A

blood and air close together, but always sepertaed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the main components the respiratory system is divided into?

A

1) URT (upper respiratory tract)
2) LRT (lower respiratory tract)
3) thoracic cavity
4) joints
5) respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the URT consist of?

A
  • nose
  • nasal cavity
  • paranasal sinuses
  • pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the LRT consist of?

A
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • bronchioles: respiratory bronchioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is location of the URT?

A

from your chin upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the location of the LRT?

A

from your chin downwards deep into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the conducting region consist of?

A

nasal cavity to bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the conducting region?

A

ensures that the air is

  • warm
  • clean
  • moist
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the respiratory region consist of?

A

alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the respiratory region?

A

site of gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the secondary passage for air?

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the oral cavity?

A

passage for air and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the primary passage for air?

A

nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

olfaction (sense of smell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the whole of the respiratory tract lined with?

A

tract lined with mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is mucosa? (in terms of epithelium)

A

a mucous membrane which is a layer of epithelium attached via a basement membrane to the lamina propria (CT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the function of the lamina propria?

A

supporting layer for the epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the relationship between epithelium and function?

A

epithelium changes along length of tract to reflect function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the type of epithelium in most of the conduction region?

A

respiratory epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the type of epithelium in the area where air & food travel?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the type of epithelium in the respiratory region (alveoli)?

A

simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the type of epithelium in the olfaction region?

A

olfactory mucosa epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is respiratory epithelium?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the main epithelium in the respiratory system and why?

A

respiratory epithelium aka pseudostratifed ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells) is the main epithelium because it is associated with the conductor region which is located from the nasal cavity to the bronchioles, thus essentially the whole respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where is respiratory epithelium aka pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells) found in?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • part of pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the 5 components of pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)?

A

1) ciliated cell
2) goblet cell
3) basal cell
4) basement membrane
5) lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what do goblet cells produce?

A

produce mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the function of mucus?

A
  • traps debris

- moistens air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the function of ciliated cells?

A

undergo a patterned movement that pushes mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed and digested by stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what are the 2 crucial components of the respiratory system?

A

1) cilia

2) mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what are the 3 different parts of the pharynx?

A

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

36
Q

what is the functions of the URT?

A
  • conducting passage (not only air)
  • prepares air for respiratory membrane (gas exchange) by preparing it in the 3 optimal conditions : warm, clean and moist
37
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

resonating chambers for speech (sound of your voice)

38
Q

how is the shape of the nose determined?

A

shaped by cartilage

39
Q

what meant by a patent airway and how is this maintained?

A

keeping the airway clear or unobstructed maintained by cartilage

40
Q

what is the structural feature of cartilage in the nose?

A

soft and flexible

41
Q

what is the proper name for nostrils?

A

external/anterior nares

42
Q

what is the function of the external/anterior nares?

A

the open entrance way to the nasal cavity

43
Q

what nares are located further back in the cavity, external nares or anterior nares?

A

anterior nares

44
Q

what is the vestibule area of the nose?

A

the area where you can stick your finger into your nose

45
Q

what is the vestibule area of the nose composed of?

A

lined with skin (hardened layer of the stratified squamous epithelium) with sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles and vibrissae

46
Q

what are vibrissae?

A

your nose hairs

47
Q

what is the function of vibrissae?

A

first line of defence against debris in the air by filtering inhaled air

48
Q

what is the bridge of the nose composed of?

A

2 nasal bones

49
Q

what is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

ethmoid and sphenoid bones

50
Q

what is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

A

hard and soft palates

51
Q

what is the present on the lateral walls of the URT?

A

conchae

52
Q

what opens into the nasal pharynx?

A

interior/posterior nares open into nasal pharynx

53
Q

what is the anterior nasal septum in the midline composed of?

A

composed of cartilage

54
Q

what is the posterior (internal) nasal septum in the midline composed of?

A

composed of bone

55
Q

what are the URT conchae?

A

3 projections of bone (superior, middle and inferior conchae) that are covered in respiratory epithelium aka pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

56
Q

what are the 3 URT conchae?

A

1) superior conchae
2) middle conchae
3) inferior conchae

57
Q

what is the function of the URT conchae?

A

produce mucus to trap debris to get rid of the debris and swirl the inspired air (turbulent air)

58
Q

why is it essential that the conchae make the inspired air turbulent?

A

because in the big open space where air is inhaled only the air touching the surfaces of wall will be warmed, cleaned and moistened, therefore the air in middle will be dirty, cold and dry (not under optimal conditions)
-therefore the projections provide a larger surface area and are the reason for the air to be in contact with the wall
-more time for warming and humidifying of air
-longer and better
olfactory detection

59
Q

what is the olfactory mucosa area and where is it located?

A

sit on the roof (superior part ) of the nasal cavity that contains smell (olfactory) receptors

60
Q

how does the process of olfactory occur in terms of the components?

A

olfactory dendrites that detect the smell and pass it up to the olfactory receptor cells, up to the olfactory nerve fibres and up to the brain (detecting a sense of smell)

61
Q

where does the epithelium in the nasal mucosa sit?

A

epithelium sits on the lamina propria (CT layer)

62
Q

what does the lamina propria contain a large amount of?

A

large amount of blood vessels (plexus of thin walled veins)

-easy to damage because of thin layer

63
Q

what is the function of blood vessels in the lamina propria?

A

helps to warm incoming air via radiation

64
Q

what happens when air temperature drops in terms of blood vessels?

A

vascular plexus dilates = greater heat transfer

65
Q

what is a sinus?

A

cavity within a bone (normally filled with air)

66
Q

what is a paranasal?

A

surrounding the nose

67
Q

what are the paranasal sinuses?

A

cavity within a bone that surrounds the nose lined with respiratory mucosa

68
Q

where are the paranasal sinuses found?

A

found within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

69
Q

where does the paranasal sinuses drain into?

A

drains into the pharynx

70
Q

what are 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

1) lighten skull
2) increased surface area to clean, warm, moisten air
3) sound resonance

71
Q

what are blocked sinuses?

A

infected mucus that can block drainage

72
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

muscular funnel shaped tube shared by the respiratory and digestive system

73
Q

what is the pharynx commonly called?

A

commonly called the throat

74
Q

what are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

A

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

75
Q

what is the region of the pharynx that is ONLY an air passage and is not involved in the digestive system?

A

nasopharynx is an air passage only

76
Q

what is the oropharynx?

A

region of the pharynx posterior to the mouth or oral cavity from the soft plate to the hyoid bone where both air and food pass through

77
Q

what is the laryngopharynx?

A

the region of pharynx that sits posterior to the larynx located from the hyoid bone to the larynx/beginning of the oesophagus (ends at the level where respiratory and digestive tracts diverge) where air and food passes through

78
Q

where is the nasopharynx located?

A

posterior to the nasal cavity from the posterior nares to the soft palate

79
Q

what is the function of the soft palate and the uvula?

A

soft palate and uvula block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food entering the nasal cavity

80
Q

what is the uvula?

A

dangly bit at the back of the throat

81
Q

where does the auditory tube drain from?

A

drains from the auditory tube from the middle ear

82
Q

what are the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and where are they located?

A

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity

83
Q

what is the epithelium found in the oropharynx and why?

A

stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasion

84
Q

what are the 2 sets of tonsils?

A

1) palatine tonsils

2) lingual tonsils

85
Q

where does the laryngopharynx end?

A

ends at the level where respiratory and digestive tracts diverge

86
Q

what has the ‘right of way’ during swallowing, food or air?

A

food has the ‘right of way’ during swallowing

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions