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HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 > HUBS192 Lecture 32 - Renal Physiology: Glomerular Function > Flashcards

HUBS192 Lecture 32 - Renal Physiology: Glomerular Function Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first part of the basic nephron processes?

A

filtration

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2
Q

what is ultrafiltration?

A

filtration in a very small area

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3
Q

how does the glomeruli select what to filtrate?

A

selects by size like a sieve

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4
Q

what does filtration at the nephron in the kidney create?

A

creates a plasma-like filtrate of the blood

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5
Q

what is the rate of filtration in the nephron in the kidney? (specific number)

A

takes place at a rate of 125mL/min (180L per day)

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6
Q

what 3 things determine renal filtration?

A

1) renal blood flow (how much blood goes into the kidney to be filtered)
2) filtration barrier (what are the layers of membranes/tissues that make up the filtration barrier)
3) driving forces (physics=pressure)

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7
Q

what controls the perfusion of the nephron?

A

the nephron controls its own perfusion through the distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

how is the glomerulus supplied with blood for filtration?

A

the glomerulus has afferent and efferent arterioles supplying the glomerulus with blood for filtration

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9
Q

what is the percentage of cardiac output for renal blood supply to the kidney?

A

20-25% of cardiac output (CO)

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10
Q

what is the renal blood supply to the kidney per minute? (specific number)

A

1-1.2L per minute

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11
Q

what is the high renal blood flow for in the kidney?

A

high flow for filtration rather than metabolism

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12
Q

where does filtration take place?

A

filtration takes place in the glomerulus

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13
Q

what are the 4 components of the filtration barrier of the kidney?

A

1) fenestrated endothelium
2) basement membrane
3) podocytes with foot processes
4) filtration slits

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14
Q

what is the relationship between small substances and filtration?

A

small substances (low molecular mass) are free filtered

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15
Q

what is the relationship between large substances and filtration?

A

large substances (high molecular mass) are NOT filtered

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16
Q

what are the 3 driving forces of glomerular filtration?

A

1) forces / pressure gradients between glomerular capillary / capsular space
2) permeability of the glomerular capillary
3) surface area of glomerular capillary

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17
Q

what are the 4 forces (pressures) determining net filtration pressure?

A

1) glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
2) blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
3) capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)
4) capsular colloid osmotic pressure (CsCOP)

18
Q

what is the main driving force (pressure) determining the net filtration pressure?

A

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

19
Q

what is the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)?

A

blood pressure at + 50 mmHg

20
Q

what is the blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)?

A

albumin at - 25 mmHg

21
Q

what is the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)?

A

corpuscle embedded in tissue at - 15mmHg

22
Q

what is the capsular colloid osmotic pressure (CsCOP)?

A

no protein in the capsular space at 0mmHg

23
Q

what is the net filtration pressure in terms of mmHg? (specific number)

A

+ 10mmHg

24
Q

what is the result of filtration of the kidney?

A

results in an isotonic primary filtrate because it is based on NaCI

25
Q

what is the equation that describes the rate at which substance S is cleared by the kidneys per unit time?

A 
Cs = Us x V / Ps (in mL/min)
Clearance = concentration of S in urine (mg/L or mol/L) x volume of urine produced per unit time (mL/min or L/hour) / concentration of S in plasma (mg/L or mol/L)
26
Q

what is the relationship between the equation for clearance and substances that can be detected in plasma and urine?

A

the equation describes the clearance via the kidneys for ALL substances that can be detected in plasma and urine

27
Q

what is the letter used to represent clearance of substance?

A

S

28
Q

what is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

amount of fluid filtered per unit time in all of the nephrons present in the body

29
Q

what is the normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

180L per day or 125mL per minute

30
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

1) tightly regulated
2) variation from person to person
3) declines slowly from age 30

31
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

A

1) tightly regulated
2) variation from person to person
3) declines slowly from age 30

32
Q

what are the 3 requirements for a substance to be used as a measure of GFR?

A

1) not be reabsorbed from the tubule
2) not be secreted into the tubule
3) not be metabolised

33
Q

what are the 2 main substances that fit the requirements to be used as a measure of GFR?

A

1) inulin (NOT INSULIN)

2) creatinine

34
Q

what is inulin?

A

a polysaccharide not metabolised by the body

-is not found in the body, must be injected

35
Q

what is creatinine?

A

a waste product produced by muscles that is already in the body therefore is most commonly used clinically

36
Q

what is renal plasma flow (RPF)?

A

625 ml of plasma per minute

37
Q

what is the relationship between renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerulus filtration rate (GFR)?

A

renal blood flow (RBF) is 625 ml of plasma per minute but only 125 ml of that is filtered per minute from the glomerulus (GFR)
-the rest flows through the efferent arteriole

38
Q

what is the filtration fraction?

A

=(GFR / RPF)

= glomerulus filtration rate / renal plasma flow

39
Q

what is the filtered load?

A

amount of a particular substance (solute) filtered per minute

40
Q

what is the equation for filtered load?

A

filtered load = GFR x solute plasma conc.

HUBS192 Lectures 1-38 (38 decks)

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