Host-Microbe Interaction Flashcards

1
Q

Define infection.

A

(n.) the process whereby a microbe enters into a relationship with the host. It may or may not cause disease.

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2
Q

What is an infectious disease, and how does it differ from an infection?

A

An infectious disease is a disease caused by an infection with a microbe.Some infections are communicable; others are not communicable and are not transmitted from patient to patient.

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3
Q

Pathogens that affect all people equally are ________.

A

frank pathogens

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4
Q

Pathogens that affect immunocompromised hosts are termed _________.

A

opportunistic pathogens

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5
Q

Explain the distinction between mucous and mucus.

A

Mucus is a noun and refers to the substance secreted. Mucous is an adjective describing something (such as a “mucous membrane”).

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6
Q

List Koch’s four postulates of infectious disease.

A

(1) the microbe is found in characteristic lesions of the disease; (2) the microbe can be isolated and cultured in vitro from lesions; (3) the microbe can be injected into animals to mimic the disease; and (4) the specific microbes can be re-isolated from the animals

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7
Q

How is pathogenicity measured?

A

By examining the number of organisms required to be infectious in 50% of those inoculated (ID50), to produce disease in 50% of those inoculated (DD50), and to be lethal in 50% of those inoculated (LD50).

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8
Q

Macrophages that reside in the skin are called ________.

A

Langerhans cells

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9
Q

What is virulence?

A

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease in a host

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