Final Exam Review Flashcards
Which are the zinc-dependent toxins?
Botulinum and tetanus
One of the first signs of schistosomiasis infection is _________.
pruritus
What are immunotoxins?
Toxins that are guided to certain cells (such as tumors) with antibodies
During the latent period, virus ____________.
is being replicated in the cell, but no virus particles are being assembled
Which toxin requires calcium and calmodulin to become active?
Antrax edema factor
What does terbinafine kill and how?
Fungus, by the accumulation of intracellular toxins
Nystatin is a ______ anti-fungal.
topical
Bacteria that require vitamins, amino acids, and growth factors are called _______.
fastidious
The _______ are the organs that are most affected by schistosomiasis infection.
liver and bladder
Bordadella pertussis works by ________.
inhibiting phagocytosis
tetM is transferred on ________.
conjugative transposons
Cholera toxin works by ______________.
raising intracellular cAMP
MacKonkey agars select for __________.
Gram-negative bacteria
Two lactose fermentators that could be found on a MacKonkey agar are __________.
E. coli and Klebsiella
C. diphtheria toxin results from __________.
lysogenic conversion
Staph food poisoning results from _______.
ingestion of preformed toxin
Glycocalyx is made by ________.
Staphylococcus epidermis
C. perfringens can also be found in _________.
healthy people
Gram-negative rod with intrinsic resistance to penicillin, ceftriaxone, and erythromycin?
P. aeruginosa
Lacking cell wall?
Mycoplasma
Antigenically distinct pili?
Neisseria
Antigenically distinct capsule?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Both _____________ cannot be cultured.
chlamydia and mycoplasma
Spastic paralysis is _________, while flaccid paralysis is ________.
tetanus; botulinum
Describe bacteria on Hektoen agars.
Salmonella (green with black dots); Shigella (green with green dots); everything else (salmon)
The most likely bacteria to acquire erm is ______.
Staph
_______ can acquire gyrase mutations that induce resistance to fluoroquinolones.
Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive
First-generation cephalosporins have spectra of action similar to ________.
amoxicillin
______ can acquire mutations in PBPs.
Staph, Neis, and Strep
Of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and erythromycin, which is least effective against P. aeruginosa?
Erythromycin
Aminoglycosides can kill ________.
Gram-negative aerobic bacilli
Which organisms can tetracyclines kill that macrolides cannot?
Gram-negative rods
In addition to MSSA, ______ also contains a beta-lactamase.
Klebsiella
Can amoxicillin kill Pseudomonas?
No! Only piperacillin can
B. fragilis can be killed by _________.
metronidazole, ertapenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, tetracyclines, pip-taz, and clinamycin
What three drugs/drug categories kill Neisseria?
Ceftriaxone, macrolides, and tetracyclines
What three categories of drugs kill atypical bacteria?
Macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones
Which antibiotics inhibit the hepatic metabolism of co-administered drugs?
Erythromycin and metronidazole
Which fluoroquinolone is hepatically metabolized?
Ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotic causes oral thrush?
Doxycycline (metronidazole can exacerbate existing infections)
Aminoglycosides only treat ________.
Gram-negative aerobic bacilli
Bactrim kills _________.
Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria
Which can kill Pseudomonas, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones?
Fluoroquinolones
Which bacterial class is photosensitizing?
Doxycycline
Can clindamycin kill Gram-negative rods
Only Bacteroides, but primarily just Gram-positives and anaerobes
Can vancomycin kill Bacteroides?
Nope!
Compared to clarithromycin, azithromycin has the advantages of ___________.
being longer lasting, killing mycoplasma in a single dose, and does not inhibit liver enzymes
Which class of antibiotics can prolong QT?
Macrolides
