Anti-Tumor Agents Flashcards
Roughly ____ of all leukemia and lymphoma patients are cured.
2/3
Neoadjuvant therapy is _______.
treating someone with chemotherapy prior to surgery or radiation (for anal, bladder, breast, esophageal, head and neck, gastric, rectal, and osteosarcoma)
Adjuvant therapy is _______.
drug treatment after surgery or radiation
Chemotherapy is difficult because ________.
most chemotherapeutics have small therapeutic windows, side effects vary, and patients have different pharmacokinetics (due to renal or hepatic dysfunction)
When combining chemotherapies, avoid mixing drugs that have _________.
similar toxic effects, for instance two drugs that impact kidney function
Generally, oncologists give patients the _______ of traditional, cytotoxic agents.
maximally targeted dose
The most frequently used alkylating agent is ________.
cyclophosphamide
Patients with up-regulated concentrations of glutathione or aldehyde dehydrogenase are resistant to ________.
alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide
Cisplatins work by __________.
cross-linking DNA strands
______ are toxic to the kidneys and ears.
Cisplatins
5-fluorouracil works by ________.
mimicking DNA imperfectly, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis
Doxorubicin is a ______.
topoisomerase II inhibitor
VIncristine and vinblastine are _________.
microtubule inhibitors
Paclitaxol and docetaxel are ______.
microtubule stabilizers
Drug resistance to chemotherapies can occur by ________.
mutations that deactivate the drug, alter the drug target, respond adaptively to the drug target, or resist apoptosis
