Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Herpetic whitlows are _________.

A

herpes vesicles on the fingers (occupational hazard for clinicians)

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2
Q

Genital herpes lesions are usually _____, unlike those from syphilis.

A

painful

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3
Q

One side effect of neonatal herpes is __________.

A

SEM syndrome (skin, eyes, membranes); can lead to blindness

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4
Q

Neonatal herpes can also result in _________.

A

CNS symptoms (encephalitis) and disseminated symptoms (DIC, lung, eye, skin involvement)

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5
Q

Herpes is treated with ________.

A

acyclovir (sometimes too late), C section (for mothers who have herpes, to prevent infection)

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6
Q

What are some complications of VZV?

A

Hepatitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, secondary infections, congenital varicella syndrome

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7
Q

VZV is worse in _______ patients.

A

older

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8
Q

In addition to acyclovir, ______ is given to VZV patients to reduce symptoms.

A

varizig (immunoglobulin)

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9
Q

Unlike other herpes viruses, VZV is not _________ unless the patient is symptomatic.

A

infectious

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10
Q

People older than 65 account for __________ of influenza deaths.

A

> 90%

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11
Q

The flu kills roughly ______ people per year.

A

3,000 - 50,000

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12
Q

What are the three kinds of flu virus, and what species does each affect?

A

A, B, and C; B and C only affect humans (and they are less severe), while A affects lots of species and is responsible for pandemics

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13
Q

Flu virus binds to human _________ receptors using their _______.

A

sialic acid; hemagglutinin

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14
Q

Antigenic drift is ___________, while antigenic shift is __________.

A

a point mutation that results in a different, potentially more vicious virus (will be the same species, though); a mixing of viruses to produce a new strain

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15
Q

The _____ protein of RSV allows the virions to bind to cells and also leads to the ______.

A

F; syncytia, characteristic of RSV

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16
Q

____ RSV is usually worse than ______.

A

A; B

17
Q

RSV primarily replicates in ________.

A

respiratory epithelium

18
Q

All of the herpes viruses are _______.

A

dsDNA viruses, icosahedral, and surrounded by a glycoprotein coat

19
Q

The alpha subfamily of herpes (which includes ______) lies dormant in ______.

A

HSV1, HSV2, and VZV; sensory ganglia

20
Q

Herpes beta viruses (__________) infect ________.

A

CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7); monocytes and lymphocytes

21
Q

Viruses in the gamma subfamily of herpes (i.e., __________) infect _________.

A

EBV and KSV; B cells

22
Q

While acyclovir and ganciclovir act on viral thymidine kinase, _________ acts on the viral DNA polymerase.

A

foscarnet

23
Q

Most primary HSV infections are not ________.

A

symptomatic

24
Q

What causes keratitis?

A

HSV-1

25
Q

What virus should you be thinking if a question has a patient with temporal-lobe encephalitis?

A

HSV-1 (or HSV-2 if it’s a neonate)

26
Q

Considering HSV, IV acyclovir should be given to those who _________.

A

are neonates, have encephalitis, or are immunocompromised

27
Q

What kind of vaccine is the chickenpox vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

28
Q

The shingles vaccine is the same as the chickenpox vaccine but contains ______.

A

more virus (14x)

29
Q

CMV is transmitted through ________.

A

contact with infected bodily fluids

30
Q

In non-immunocompromised individuals, CMV causes _________.

A

fever and/or mononucleosis

31
Q

Influenza’s genome is _________.

A

eight pieces of single-stranded RNA

32
Q

The H and N in H1N1 (and other flu names) stand for _______.

A

types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

33
Q

The incubation period for flu is typically ______.

A

1-3 days

34
Q

Amantadine and rimantadine are types of __________.

A

matrix protein inhibitors

35
Q

What kinds of flu vaccine are there?

A

Inactivated (given as a shot, ok for everyone 6 months or older) and live (given nasally to those 2 and older)