Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Herpetic whitlows are _________.

A

herpes vesicles on the fingers (occupational hazard for clinicians)

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2
Q

Genital herpes lesions are usually _____, unlike those from syphilis.

A

painful

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3
Q

One side effect of neonatal herpes is __________.

A

SEM syndrome (skin, eyes, membranes); can lead to blindness

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4
Q

Neonatal herpes can also result in _________.

A

CNS symptoms (encephalitis) and disseminated symptoms (DIC, lung, eye, skin involvement)

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5
Q

Herpes is treated with ________.

A

acyclovir (sometimes too late), C section (for mothers who have herpes, to prevent infection)

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6
Q

What are some complications of VZV?

A

Hepatitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, secondary infections, congenital varicella syndrome

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7
Q

VZV is worse in _______ patients.

A

older

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8
Q

In addition to acyclovir, ______ is given to VZV patients to reduce symptoms.

A

varizig (immunoglobulin)

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9
Q

Unlike other herpes viruses, VZV is not _________ unless the patient is symptomatic.

A

infectious

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10
Q

People older than 65 account for __________ of influenza deaths.

A

> 90%

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11
Q

The flu kills roughly ______ people per year.

A

3,000 - 50,000

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12
Q

What are the three kinds of flu virus, and what species does each affect?

A

A, B, and C; B and C only affect humans (and they are less severe), while A affects lots of species and is responsible for pandemics

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13
Q

Flu virus binds to human _________ receptors using their _______.

A

sialic acid; hemagglutinin

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14
Q

Antigenic drift is ___________, while antigenic shift is __________.

A

a point mutation that results in a different, potentially more vicious virus (will be the same species, though); a mixing of viruses to produce a new strain

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15
Q

The _____ protein of RSV allows the virions to bind to cells and also leads to the ______.

A

F; syncytia, characteristic of RSV

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16
Q

____ RSV is usually worse than ______.

17
Q

RSV primarily replicates in ________.

A

respiratory epithelium

18
Q

All of the herpes viruses are _______.

A

dsDNA viruses, icosahedral, and surrounded by a glycoprotein coat

19
Q

The alpha subfamily of herpes (which includes ______) lies dormant in ______.

A

HSV1, HSV2, and VZV; sensory ganglia

20
Q

Herpes beta viruses (__________) infect ________.

A

CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7); monocytes and lymphocytes

21
Q

Viruses in the gamma subfamily of herpes (i.e., __________) infect _________.

A

EBV and KSV; B cells

22
Q

While acyclovir and ganciclovir act on viral thymidine kinase, _________ acts on the viral DNA polymerase.

23
Q

Most primary HSV infections are not ________.

A

symptomatic

24
Q

What causes keratitis?

25
What virus should you be thinking if a question has a patient with temporal-lobe encephalitis?
HSV-1 (or HSV-2 if it's a neonate)
26
Considering HSV, IV acyclovir should be given to those who _________.
are neonates, have encephalitis, or are immunocompromised
27
What kind of vaccine is the chickenpox vaccine?
Live attenuated
28
The shingles vaccine is the same as the chickenpox vaccine but contains ______.
more virus (14x)
29
CMV is transmitted through ________.
contact with infected bodily fluids
30
In non-immunocompromised individuals, CMV causes _________.
fever and/or mononucleosis
31
Influenza's genome is _________.
eight pieces of single-stranded RNA
32
The H and N in H1N1 (and other flu names) stand for _______.
types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
33
The incubation period for flu is typically ______.
1-3 days
34
Amantadine and rimantadine are types of __________.
matrix protein inhibitors
35
What kinds of flu vaccine are there?
Inactivated (given as a shot, ok for everyone 6 months or older) and live (given nasally to those 2 and older)