Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards
Herpetic whitlows are _________.
herpes vesicles on the fingers (occupational hazard for clinicians)
Genital herpes lesions are usually _____, unlike those from syphilis.
painful
One side effect of neonatal herpes is __________.
SEM syndrome (skin, eyes, membranes); can lead to blindness
Neonatal herpes can also result in _________.
CNS symptoms (encephalitis) and disseminated symptoms (DIC, lung, eye, skin involvement)
Herpes is treated with ________.
acyclovir (sometimes too late), C section (for mothers who have herpes, to prevent infection)
What are some complications of VZV?
Hepatitis, encephalitis, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, secondary infections, congenital varicella syndrome
VZV is worse in _______ patients.
older
In addition to acyclovir, ______ is given to VZV patients to reduce symptoms.
varizig (immunoglobulin)
Unlike other herpes viruses, VZV is not _________ unless the patient is symptomatic.
infectious
People older than 65 account for __________ of influenza deaths.
> 90%
The flu kills roughly ______ people per year.
3,000 - 50,000
What are the three kinds of flu virus, and what species does each affect?
A, B, and C; B and C only affect humans (and they are less severe), while A affects lots of species and is responsible for pandemics
Flu virus binds to human _________ receptors using their _______.
sialic acid; hemagglutinin
Antigenic drift is ___________, while antigenic shift is __________.
a point mutation that results in a different, potentially more vicious virus (will be the same species, though); a mixing of viruses to produce a new strain
The _____ protein of RSV allows the virions to bind to cells and also leads to the ______.
F; syncytia, characteristic of RSV
____ RSV is usually worse than ______.
A; B
RSV primarily replicates in ________.
respiratory epithelium
All of the herpes viruses are _______.
dsDNA viruses, icosahedral, and surrounded by a glycoprotein coat
The alpha subfamily of herpes (which includes ______) lies dormant in ______.
HSV1, HSV2, and VZV; sensory ganglia
Herpes beta viruses (__________) infect ________.
CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7); monocytes and lymphocytes
Viruses in the gamma subfamily of herpes (i.e., __________) infect _________.
EBV and KSV; B cells
While acyclovir and ganciclovir act on viral thymidine kinase, _________ acts on the viral DNA polymerase.
foscarnet
Most primary HSV infections are not ________.
symptomatic
What causes keratitis?
HSV-1
What virus should you be thinking if a question has a patient with temporal-lobe encephalitis?
HSV-1 (or HSV-2 if it’s a neonate)
Considering HSV, IV acyclovir should be given to those who _________.
are neonates, have encephalitis, or are immunocompromised
What kind of vaccine is the chickenpox vaccine?
Live attenuated
The shingles vaccine is the same as the chickenpox vaccine but contains ______.
more virus (14x)
CMV is transmitted through ________.
contact with infected bodily fluids
In non-immunocompromised individuals, CMV causes _________.
fever and/or mononucleosis
Influenza’s genome is _________.
eight pieces of single-stranded RNA
The H and N in H1N1 (and other flu names) stand for _______.
types of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
The incubation period for flu is typically ______.
1-3 days
Amantadine and rimantadine are types of __________.
matrix protein inhibitors
What kinds of flu vaccine are there?
Inactivated (given as a shot, ok for everyone 6 months or older) and live (given nasally to those 2 and older)
