Common Bacterial Pathogens

Question 1

List six major Gram-positive coccus bacteria.

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermis (SSNA), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus viridans, and enterococcus faecium

Question 2

Two common sites of benign s. aureus growth are _________.

Answer 2

the anterior nares and the perineum

Question 3

S. aureus has been known to cause _________.

Answer 3

cutaneous infections, toxic shock, and pneumonia

Question 4

Coagulase converts __________.

Answer 4

fibrinogen to fibrin, without the need of the rest of the coagulation cascade

Question 5

What does Protein A bind?

Answer 5

It binds the Fc receptor of Ig, thereby precluding phagocytosis

Question 6

Explain the pathophysiology of SSSS.

Answer 6

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome occurs when staphylococcal bacteria secrete serine proteases that degrade desmoglein I.

Question 7

Which Gram-positive cocci will be in clusters? In diads?

Answer 7

Staphylococcus will be in clusters; streptococcus will be diplo-.

Question 8

Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive coccus?

Answer 8

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 9

Staphylococcus aureus commonly cause _________.

Answer 9

cutaneous infections, poor-prognosis pneumonia, foreign-body infections (such as a catheter), and bacterial endocarditis

Question 10

Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative coccus that produces glycocalx?

Answer 10

Staphylococcus epidermis

Question 11

Group A streptococcus are ___________.

Answer 11

streptococcus pyogenes

Question 12

M protein is found on _________ and help them to ________.

Answer 12

streptococcus pyogenes; adhere to the throat, evade phagocytosis, and killing by PMNs

Question 13

Cutaneously, staphylococcus aureus tend to form ________, while streptococcus pyogenes tend to form _______.

Answer 13

focal abscesses; spreading, non-raised infections

Question 14

Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to ________.

Answer 14

pneumonia (very common), sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis

Question 15

Enterococcus faecium frequently causes ___________.

Answer 15

UTIs, biliary tract infections, endocarditis, and surgical wound infections

Question 16

Clostridia are Gram-__________.

Answer 16

positive

Question 17

Clostridia are _______ anerobes.

Answer 17

strict (will die if exposed to O2)

Question 18

Botulism occurs by ingestion of the ___________.

Answer 18

preformed toxin

Question 19

Eschericia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa are both ________.

Answer 19

Gram-negative rods

Question 20

The three most common types of Eschericia coli infections are ____________.

Answer 20

UTIs (from “special” endogenous species getting into the urinary tract), abdominal infections (from perforated abdominal tissue, such as during surgery), and GI tract infections (from unique strains of E. coli that have pili which can adhere to the GI mucosa)

Question 21

The three most common types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection are _____________.

Answer 21

cystic fibrosis opportunistic infections, burns and traumatic wounds, and nosocomial infections

Question 22

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a ______________.

Answer 22

Gram-negative diplococcus

Question 23

Rickettsia and chlamydia are both ____________.

Answer 23

obligate intracellular bacteria

Question 24

The STI form of chlamydia is ________.

Answer 24

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 25

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lack _________, and hence do not __________.

Answer 25

cell walls; Gram stain

Question 26

Prevnar is a vaccine for ___________.

Answer 26

Streptococcus pneumoniae