Common Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards
List six major Gram-positive coccus bacteria.
Staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermis (SSNA), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus viridans, and enterococcus faecium
Two common sites of benign s. aureus growth are _________.
the anterior nares and the perineum
S. aureus has been known to cause _________.
cutaneous infections, toxic shock, and pneumonia
Coagulase converts __________.
fibrinogen to fibrin, without the need of the rest of the coagulation cascade
What does Protein A bind?
It binds the Fc receptor of Ig, thereby precluding phagocytosis
Explain the pathophysiology of SSSS.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome occurs when staphylococcal bacteria secrete serine proteases that degrade desmoglein I.
Which Gram-positive cocci will be in clusters? In diads?
Staphylococcus will be in clusters; streptococcus will be diplo-.
Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-positive coccus?
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus commonly cause _________.
cutaneous infections, poor-prognosis pneumonia, foreign-body infections (such as a catheter), and bacterial endocarditis
Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative coccus that produces glycocalx?
Staphylococcus epidermis
Group A streptococcus are ___________.
streptococcus pyogenes
M protein is found on _________ and help them to ________.
streptococcus pyogenes; adhere to the throat, evade phagocytosis, and killing by PMNs
Cutaneously, staphylococcus aureus tend to form ________, while streptococcus pyogenes tend to form _______.
focal abscesses; spreading, non-raised infections
Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to ________.
pneumonia (very common), sinusitis, otitis media, and bronchitis
Enterococcus faecium frequently causes ___________.
UTIs, biliary tract infections, endocarditis, and surgical wound infections
Clostridia are Gram-__________.
positive
Clostridia are _______ anerobes.
strict (will die if exposed to O2)
Botulism occurs by ingestion of the ___________.
preformed toxin
Eschericia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa are both ________.
Gram-negative rods
The three most common types of Eschericia coli infections are ____________.
UTIs (from “special” endogenous species getting into the urinary tract), abdominal infections (from perforated abdominal tissue, such as during surgery), and GI tract infections (from unique strains of E. coli that have pili which can adhere to the GI mucosa)
The three most common types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection are _____________.
cystic fibrosis opportunistic infections, burns and traumatic wounds, and nosocomial infections
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a ______________.
Gram-negative diplococcus
Rickettsia and chlamydia are both ____________.
obligate intracellular bacteria
The STI form of chlamydia is ________.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae lack _________, and hence do not __________.
cell walls; Gram stain
Prevnar is a vaccine for ___________.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
