Antiviral Agents Flashcards
What does neuraminidase do?
It cleaves the N-acetyl neuraminic from host-cell receptors, leading to viral budding.
______ and ________ inhibit neuraminidase.
Oseltamivir; Zanamivir
How effective is Oseltamivir in preventing influenza?
70% - 90%
All of the -amivir drugs act to inhibit ______.
neuraminidase
Zanamivir can impair ___________.
lung function, by inducing cough and bronchospasm
Amantadine and rimantadine both act on _________.
viral h+ pumps, which are required for uncoating in the cytoplasm
Rimantadine cannot get into the _______ very well.
CNS
Valacyclovir, acyclovir, and ganciclovir all work by ________.
creating acyclovir triphosphate, which mimics DNA and disrupts viral DNA production
All of the acyclovir drugs only work on ________.
viruses that utilize thymidine kinase (this is the first phosphorylation step)
Acyclovir is ________ eliminated.
renally (thus adjust dose in infants and those with renal impairment)
Ganciclovir works in a similar way to _______, but has the side effects of ______.
valacyclovir and acyclovir; bone marrow depression
Cidofovir works by _________, but it has the negative side effect of ________.
mimicking nucleotides that viral DNA polymerases use; nephrotoxicity
What two drugs block HIV entry?
Enfuvirtide and maraviroc
What drug blocks HSV entry?
Docosanol
Palivizumab blocks the entry of which virus?
RSV
Valacyclovir requires a __________ to be activated.
phase I esterase
Which two viral-DNA disruptors can only be given topically?
Penciclovir and vidarabine-trifluridine
RSV can be treated with _____, a nucleoside analog, but because of adverse effects should be restricted to the more severe cases.
ribavirin
What two drugs are used to treat CMV?
Ganciclovir and valganciclovir
Which DNA mimetic does not require cellular activation?
Foscarnet
Which has better absorption, acyclovir or valacyclovir?
Valacyclovir
