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hormones Flashcards

1
Q

list steroid hormones (5)

A

testosterone

progesterone

estrogen

aldosterone

cortisol

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2
Q

testosterone function

A

develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

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3
Q

testosterone hormone type

A

steroid

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4
Q

testosterone source

A

testes (and adrenal cortex)

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5
Q

progesterone function

A

maintains the endometrium (uterine lining) of the uterus

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6
Q

progesterone hormone type

A

steroid

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7
Q

progesterone source

A

secreted by the corpus luteum (in the ovaries) during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

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8
Q

estrogen function

A

develops and maintains the female reproductive system and female secondary sex characteristics

inhibit bone resorption (breakdown bone tissue to release minerals)

also works to develop the endometrium of the uterus

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9
Q

estrogen hormone type

A

steroid

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10
Q

estrogen source

A

secreted by the ovaries during the menstrual cycle

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11
Q

aldosterone raises […] by causing […]

A

Raises blood volume and pressure by causing reabsorption of water and sodium into blood (from the kidneys)

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12
Q

aldosterone promotes […] excretion out of the blood

A

promotes potassium and hydrogen ion excretion out of the blood

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13
Q

aldosterone hormone type

A

steroid

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14
Q

aldosterone source

A

adrenal cortex

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15
Q

cortisol function

A

a stress hormone that increases glucose availability for the fight-or-flight response

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16
Q

cortisol hormone type

A

steroid

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17
Q

cortisol source

A

adrenal cortex

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18
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function

A

stimulates follicle maturation in female ovaries

triggers spermatogenesis in male testes

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19
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) hormone type

A

peptide

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20
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) source

A

anterior pituitary

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21
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) function

A

stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum in females

stimulates testosterone synthesis in males

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22
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) hormone type

A

peptide

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23
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) source

A

anterior pituitary

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24
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) function

A

causes the adrenal cortex to increase the level of cortisol being secreted into the blood

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25
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hormone type

A

peptide

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26
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) source

A

anterior pituitary

(release of CRF from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH)

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27
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) function

A

stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)

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28
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) hormone type

29
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) source

A

In the HPT axis, release of TRH (thyroid-releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH

30
Q

what is the HPT axis

A

hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis

31
Q

prolactin function

A

stimulates milk production (in mammary glands) and secretion

32
Q

prolactin hormone type

33
Q

prolactin source

A

Secreted from the anterior pituitary

34
Q

Growth hormone (GH) stimulates […] and raises […] levels

A

stimulates bone and muscle growth and raises blood glucose levels

35
Q

growth hormone (GH) hormone type

36
Q

growth hormone source

A

Secreted from the anterior pituitary

37
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin increases […]

stimulates […] by […]

A

Increases blood pressure

stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing the permeability of the collecting duct

38
Q

ADH/vasopression is secreted in response to […]

A

secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity, or increased concentration of solutes within the blood

39
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin source

A

hypothalamus → → secreted from the posterior pituitary

secreted in response to increased plasma osmolarity, or increased concentration of solutes within the blood

40
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin hormone type

41
Q

oxytocin function

A

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may also promote bonding behaviour

42
Q

oxytocin hormone type

43
Q

oxytocin source

A

Secreted from the posterior pituitary

44
Q

insulin lowers […] concentrations and increases […] such as [..]

A

lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes such as fat and protein synthesis

45
Q

insulin source

A

secreted from β-cells in the pancreas

46
Q

insulin

hormone type

47
Q

glucagon function

A

secreted during times of fasting (when “glucose” is “gone”) to raise blood glucose concentrations

stimulates degradation of protein and fat, conversion of glycogen to glucose, and production of new glucose via gluconeogenesis

48
Q

glucagon hormone type

49
Q

glucagon source

A

secreted from the αlpha-cells of the pancreas

50
Q

Somatostatin function

A

suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

51
Q

somatostatin hormone type

52
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function

A

increase calcium levels in blood

decrease calcium in bone

decrease calcium secretion by kidneys

increase calcium absorption in gut

also resorbs phosphate from bone and reduces reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney

53
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) source

A

Secreted from the parathyroid glands on the back of the thyroid

54
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) hormone type

55
Q

melatonin

A

source: pineal gland

controls circadian rhythms

56
Q

what is secreted by the hypothalamus?

A

GnRH: gonadotropin releasing hormone

GHRH: growth hormone releasing hormone

TRH: thyrotropin releasing hormone

CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone

dopamine

ADH: antidiuretic hormone

oxytocin

57
Q

gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

stimulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH

58
Q

what is secreted by the pancreas?

A

insulin (beta cells)

glucagon (alpha cells)

somatostatin (delta cells)

59
Q

what is secreted by the pineal gland

60
Q

what is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

androgens (male sex hormone)

61
Q

what is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine

62
Q

what is secreted by the anterior pituitary?

A

“FLAT PEG”

FSH

LH

ACTH

TSH

Prolactin

Endorphins

GH

63
Q

what is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

ADH (antidiuretic hormone / vasopressin)

oxytocin

64
Q

what is secreted by the thyroid?

A

T4 and T3 → increase basal metabolic rate

calcitonin

65
Q

calcitonin

A

increases calcium in bone

decreases calcium in blood

decreases calcium absorption by gut

increases calcium excretion by kidneys

(basically opposite of PTH)

66
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

FIGHT OR FLIGHT response

increase blood glucose concentrations

increases heart rate

dilates bronchi

67
Q

erythropoietin

A

stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

68
Q

thymosin

A

stimulates t cell development

69
Q

steps of menstruation

A

hypothalamus releases GTRH

anterior pituitary gland releases FSH and LH

FSH stimulates development of follicles

the developing follicles secrete estrogen

LH spike causes ovulation → 1 egg is released into f tubes

the follicle that released the egg becomes the corpus luteum which releases progesterone + more estrogen

if egg is fertilized, the embryo secretes HCG which keeps corpus luteum alive
if egg is not ferlized, corpus luteum degrades and cycle restarts

Review (28 decks)

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