AAMC FL3 C/P

Question 1

Doppler equation

Answer 1

Question 2

if someone is moving towards a stationary sound source, how doe the perceived frequency change

Answer 2

frequency is increases because (v + vo) / v > 1

Question 3

if someone is moving away from a stationary sound source, how does the perceived frequency change

Answer 3

frequency decreases because (v - vo) / v < 1

Question 4

if a sound source is moving towards a stationary person, how does the perceived frequency change

Answer 4

frequency increases because v / (v - vs) > 1

Question 5

if a sound source is moving away from a stationary person, how does the perceived frequency change

Answer 5

frequency decreases because v / (v + vs) < 1

Question 6

1 joule =

Answer 6

1 newton x meter

Question 7

1 watt =

Answer 7

1 joule / second

(work / time)

Question 8

uniform electric field

Answer 8

a field in which the value of the field strength remains the same at all points

Question 9

resistance and conductivity relationship

Answer 9

they are inversely related!

Question 10

resistance units

Answer 10

ohm’s

Question 11

period vs frequency

Answer 11

period → seconds per cycle

frequency → cycles / second

Question 12

newton units

Answer 12

Question 13

transferase

Answer 13

enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule to another (donor to acceptor)

Question 14

nucleotide vs nucleoside

Answer 14

Nucleosides → nitrogenous base + a five-carbon carbohydrate group (usually ribose)

Nucleotides → a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached

Question 15

what is this structure called

Answer 15

heme group

Question 16

michaelis menton plot

Answer 16

x-axis → substrate concentration

y-axis → INITIAL reaction rate (before the reverse reaction occurs)

Question 17

why do we use smaller enzyme concentrations than substrate concentrations to measure enzyme kinetics?

Answer 17

enzyme kinetics involves seeing how the substrate concentration affects the initial reaction rate

if we have more enzyme than substrate, each trial would be the same

Question 18

what is a heme?

Answer 18

a porphyrin ring with iron in the center

Question 19

hydroxylation

Answer 19

that addition of a hydroxyl group onto a compound

Question 20

hydrolase

Answer 20

enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis (cleave bonds by adding water)

Question 21

ligase

Answer 21

enzyme that catalyzes bond formation between 2 (larger) molecules

Question 22

transferase enzyme

Answer 22

catalyze the transfer of a functional group (amine, carboxyl, carbonyl, methyl, acyl, etc.) from one molecule to another

Question 23

lyase enzyme

Answer 23

catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation

Question 24

standard Gibb’s free energy (derived from Keq)

Answer 24

Question 25

Standard free energy of a reaction

Answer 25

the free energy change that occurs when the ruction is carried out under standard state conditions

Question 26

if current pH is BELOW the pKa ….

Answer 26

the proton is attached to the molecule still

Question 27

if current pH is ABOVE the pKa ….

Answer 27

the proton has been released from the molecule into solution

Question 28

as pH rises, molecules are being more readily _______ (protonated/deprotonated)

Answer 28

deprotonated

they lose their H+ ions to solution to interact with the available base

Question 29

isoelectric point

Answer 29

the pH of a solution at which the net charge of a protein becomes zero

if pH < IP; protein is positively charged

if pH > IP; protein is negatively charged

Question 30

FORMAL CHARGE

Answer 30

(# valence electrons in neutral/lone atom) – (# bonds + nonbonding electrons)

Question 31

valence electrons in nitrogen

Answer 31

5

Question 32

valence electrons in oxygen

Answer 32

6

Question 33

valence electrons in carbon

Answer 33

4

Question 34

what is Kw?

Answer 34

dissociation constant or ionization constant of water

1 x 10^-14 at 298K

Question 35

stronger acid = ______ ka

Answer 35

larger

dissociates more readily

Question 36

if ka > kb, the solution is _____ (acidic/basic)

Answer 36

acidic

Question 37

if kb > ka, the solution is _____ (acidic/basic)

Answer 37

basic

Question 38

aufbau principle

Answer 38

electrons fill lower-energy atomic orbitals before filling higher-energy ones

Question 39

chelate

Answer 39

a compound containing a ligand (typically organic) bonded to a central metal atom at two or more points

Question 40

celcius to Kelvin

Answer 40

K = C + 273