Blueprint FL3: C/P Flashcards
What is pulmonary surfactant and it’s main purpose?
a component of the fluid that lines the alveoli
functions to reduce surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse and decrease the effort needed to inflate the lungs
how does pulmonary surfactant provide its effects?
the surfactant is interspersed between the water at the water-air interface; it reduces the hydrogen bonds between the water molecule to reduce surface tension and allow the alveoli to expand
what happens to entropy as temperature increase
as temp increases, entropy increases
S
thermodynamics
entropy
G
thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
H
thermodynamics
enthalpy
Gibb’s free energy equation
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
spontaneous reactions have a +/- delta G
negative!
when an electron moves from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital, energy is ….
emitted
electron emission
when an electron moves from a higher energy orbital to a lower energy orbital, energy is emitted
when an electron moves from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital, energy is ….
absorbed
electron absorption
when an electron moves from a lower energy orbital to a higher energy orbital, energy is absorbed
how is the energy of the photon emitted during a particular electronic transition determined?
based on the energy difference between the initial and final energy levels
energy of a photon
formula
how to convert frequency to wavelength
as we increase energy level of orbitals (go further from nuclease), the difference between each level…
Decreases
as the n increases, energy between the consecutive levels will decrease
periods vs groups
periodic table
periods = rows
groups = collumns
alpha particle
Helium NUCLEI
2 protons
2 neutrons
0 electrons
so they will have a charge of +2
how to wavelength, frequency, and energy relate?
short wavelength = high frequency = high energy
which orbitals are most difficult to eject electrons from?
closest to nucleus
in orbitals with most S character
quantum numbers
4 numbers that explain the location and energy of every electron in an atom
list the order of the quantum numbers
principal (n)
azimuthal/angular momentum (l)
magnetic (ml)
spin (ms)
principle quantum number
represents the energy level of the electron
larger n = further from nucleus
azimuthal quantum number
describes the shape of the orbital
s, p, d, f, etc.
magnetic quantum number
tells us the orientation of an orbital of a particular shape (s, p, etc.)
ex. there is 1 s orbital, 3 p orbitals, 5 d orbitals, etc.
spin quantum number
either + 1/2 or - 1/2
defines the direction of spin
each orbital has 2 electrons with opposite spin
what does delta H represent?
the heat that passes into or out of the system during a reaction
enthalpy of reaction
the change in the total heat content that occurs throughout a chemical reaction
