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Review > AAMC FL 3 P/S > Flashcards

AAMC FL 3 P/S Flashcards

1
Q

assume that overlapping error bars or confidence intervals means _______

(unless indicated otherwise)

A

no statistically significant difference

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2
Q

glutamate neurotransmitter type (excitatory vs inhibitory)

A

excitatory

CNS

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3
Q

social facilitation

A

when being in the presence of others improves individual task performance

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4
Q

conformity

A

matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms

“peer pressure”

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5
Q

conflict theory

A

the idea that society is made of institutions that benefit the powerful and creates inequalities

there are opposing groups and power dynamics

focuses on the unequal distribution of resources and power differentials across society, the struggle for power, and the creation and maintenance of social order

all about conflict between the have and the have nots, inequality of resources, social stratification, etc

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6
Q

intragenerational mobility

A

a person’s social movements throughout a person’s own lifetime

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7
Q

intergenerational mobility

A

inter = between

the extent to which individuals move up (or down) the social ladder compared with their parents

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8
Q

role engulfment

A

when one role engulfs or overtakes someone’s identity

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9
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

assumes that people respond to elements of their environments according to the subjective meanings they attach to those elements

studies social practices and rituals

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10
Q

eidetic memory

A

photographic memory

the ability to recall an image from memory with high precision for a brief period after seeing it only once

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11
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to do things in future; remembering intentions

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12
Q

reproductive vs reconstructive memory

A

reproductive → remembering this EXACTLY as they were (perfect memory)

reconstructive → more realistic; memories are “reconstructed” as we recall them and not always precise

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13
Q

Iconic memory

A

visual memory (short lasting)

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14
Q

Semantic memory

A

general knowledge/facts

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15
Q

Episodic memory

A

memory of past events

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16
Q

Procedural memory

A

how to do things

(ex. ride a bike or tie shoes)

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17
Q

illness anxiety disorder

A

when someone is worried about getting sick despite having no somatic symptoms

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18
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

when someone has a somatic symptom, but is disproportionately worried about its seriousness

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19
Q

elaboration likelihood

A

focuses on the why/how of persuasion

2 ways info is processed:

  • Central → depends on quality of arguments by persuader
  • Peripheral → superficial/non-verbal persuasion cues, such as attractiveness/status of persuader
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20
Q

pons function

A

unconscious processes and jobs, such as your sleep-wake cycle and breathing

contains sensory and motor pathways between the cortex and the medulla oblongata

more specific to basic life functions (sleeping, breathing, etc.) because of its location (the hindbrain)

21
Q

MRI

A
22
Q

fMRI

A
23
Q

PET scans

A
24
Q

EEG

A

measure brain activity (waves), but at a LARGE scale (not specific structures like PET and fMRI)

used to diagnose seizures, sleep disorders,

25
Q

CT scans

A
26
Q

reinforcement vs punishment

A

reinforcement → increases a behaviour

punishment → decreases a behaviour

27
Q

positive vs negative (for reinforcement or punishment)

A

positive → adding something (either a punishment or reward)

negative → taking away something (taking something good as a punishment or taking something bad as a reward)

28
Q

associative vs non associative learning

A

Nonassociative learning → when an organism is repeatedly exposed to one type of stimulus, ex. habituation and sensitization

Associative learning → when one event is connected to another, ex. classical and operant conditioning

29
Q

self-verification

A

the tendency to look for information that aligns with out self-concept

we are more likely to believe info that is consistent with our current view

30
Q

self-efficacy

A

an individual’s belief in their capacity to execute the behaviours necessary to produce specific performance attainments

31
Q

self-serving bias

A

taking personal credit for positive events or outcomes

but blaming outside factors for negative events

32
Q

Five Factor Model of personality

A

a model which describes everyones personality in terms of these 5 factors:

  • *O**penness
  • *C**onscientiousness
  • *E**xtroversion
  • *A**greeableness
  • *N**euroticism

(Use acronym OCEAN)

33
Q

psychodynamic approach to personality

(Freud)

A

has to do with conscious vs unconscious mind

id, ego, and superego

34
Q

acetylcholine

A

regulates movement and muscle contraction

35
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory neurotransmitter

36
Q

Endorphins

A

natural pain-killers; feel good; released during exercise

37
Q

Serotonin

A

regulates mood, appetite/hunger and bowel movements, sleep, blood clotting, bone health, and more

38
Q

Five Factor: conscientiousness

A

the personality trait of being careful, or diligent

those with high conscientiousness prefer to follow a plan, rather than act spontaneously

39
Q

Five Factor: neuroticism

A

a trait that reflects a person’s level of emotional stability

often defined as a negative personality trait involving negative emotions, poor self-regulation (an inability to manage urges), trouble dealing with stress, a strong reaction to perceived threats, and the tendency to complain

40
Q

incentive theory of motivation

A

based on incentives/rewards

41
Q

drive theory of motivation

A

based on natural drives such as thirst and hunger?

42
Q

Expectancy-value theory

A

people are motivated to do a task based on the subjective value that the task has to them and on how they expect themselves to perform on the task

43
Q

self-determination theory of motivation

A

people are able to become self-determined when their needs for competence, connection, and autonomy are fulfilled

44
Q

motion parallax

A

things farther away move slower

45
Q

vestibular sense

A

the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance.

the ability to close your eyes and have an awareness of your position in space

46
Q

perceptual maladaptation

A

any trait that is more harmful than helpful

47
Q

Gestalt principles

A

similarity, continuation, closure, proximity, pragnanz

figure/ground and symmetry?

48
Q

gestalt principle: pragnanz

A

reality is organized to the simplest form possible

ex. this is more likely to be seem as 5 circles (most likely) rather than other complex shapes

Review (27 decks)

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