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Review > Blueprint half length: C/P > Flashcards

Blueprint half length: C/P Flashcards

1
Q

in vitro

A

outside the living organism (in a dish, tube, etc.)

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2
Q

in vivo

A

inside the living organism

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3
Q

items with lower density will rise to the surface —– than items with higher density

A

faster

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4
Q

aromatic compounds

A

have a benzene ring (conjugated 6 carbon ring)

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5
Q

sulfonyl group

A
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6
Q

urea structure

A
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7
Q

amide structure

A
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8
Q

amine structure

A
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9
Q

pH + pOH = …..

A

pH + pOH = 14

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10
Q

pH formula

A

ph = - log [H+]

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11
Q

pOH formula

A

pOH = - log [OH-]

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12
Q

determining log from ph

A
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13
Q

Poiseuille’s law equation

A
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14
Q

Laminar vs Turbulent flow

A
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15
Q

Bernoulli’s Equation

A
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16
Q

mechanical work

formula and definition

A

the explains the work required to move an object

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17
Q

joule units

A

J = newton x meter

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18
Q

list the electromagnetic specrum from longest to shortest wavelengths

A
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19
Q

power

equation

A

power = work / time

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20
Q

power unit

A

1 watt = 1 joule / second

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21
Q

work-energy theorem

A

the net work done by the forces on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy

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22
Q

kinetic energy formula

A
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23
Q

the volume of a liquid will —— slightly as temperature rises

A

increase

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24
Q

that surface tension ——- as temperature rises

A

decreases

(because surface tension depends on the strength of intermolecular forces, which decreases as KE of the molecules increase)

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25
Q

explain the concentration of K+ and Na+ at resting membrane potential

A

think “saly banana”
Na+ is concentrated outside the cell
K+ is concentrated inside the cell

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26
Q

explain the flow of K+ and Na+ throughout an action potential

A
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27
Q

sodium potassium pump (flow of ions)

A
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28
Q

on a pressure-volume graph, what does the area under the curve reprsent?

A

work

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29
Q

work = ……

isobaric process

A

This determines the work applied to the system to change the volume of the gas while keeping the pressure constant.

the temperature must increase as the volume expands in order the keep the pressure constant

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30
Q

what occurs during an isobaric process where volume in increased

A

the temperature must increase as the volume expands in order the keep the pressure constant

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31
Q

explain michaelis menton graphs

A

the y axis is reaction rate
the x axis is substrate concentration
as substrate concnetration increases, the faster the reaction occurs
buit it eventually reaches a maximum rate (vmax) when the enzymes are saturated

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32
Q

non competitive inhibitor

A

binds to an allosteric site to alter the active site so the substrate can no long binder

33
Q

competitive inhibitor

A

bind to the active site of the enzyme to block substrate binding

34
Q

uncompetitive inhibitor

A

bind to the enzyme-substrate complex (not the free enzyme)

35
Q

vmax

A

the maximum reaction rate of an enzyme

the addition of more substrate will not increase reaction rate because all enzymes are saturated

36
Q

Michaelis constant (Km)

A

the concentration of substrate which permits the enzyme to achieve half Vmax

37
Q

An enzyme with a high Km has a …. affinity for its substrate

A

An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate

38
Q

what does the Km of a given enzyme indicates?

A

the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate

39
Q

competitive inhibition (km and vmax effects)

A

km is increased (lower affinity for substrate)
vmax is unaffacted

40
Q

uncompetitive inhibition (km and vmax effects)

A

km is decreased (they increase binding affinity because it stabilizes the ES complex)
vmax is decreased

41
Q

noncompetitive inhibition (km and vmax effect)

A

Km is unaffected
vmax is reduced

42
Q

An enzyme with a low Km has a …. affinity for its substrate

A

An enzyme with a low Km has a high affinity for its substrate

43
Q

allosteric activators

A

bind to an allosteric site on an enzyme to increase affinity for the substrate

44
Q

chelating agent

A

a compound that forms coordinate covalent bonds with metal atoms or ions

45
Q

ester structure

A
46
Q

lactam structure

A

cyclic amides

47
Q

amide structure

A
48
Q

imine structure

A

contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond

49
Q

carboxylic acid

A
50
Q

thioether structure

A
51
Q

ether structure

A
52
Q

steps for determining absolute configuration

A

1) number the attached groups based on their priority (higher atomic # = higher priority)
2) draw a circle from 1 -> 3
3) if clockwise = R, counterclockwise = S
4) THE ABOVE IS TRUE IF THE LEAST PRIORITY FUNCTIONAL GROUP IS ON A DASH; OTHERWISE, THE FINAL ANSWER WILL BE OPPOSITE OF STEP 3

53
Q

fatty acid structure

A

long carbon chains with carboxylic heads

54
Q

mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons

55
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

56
Q

alpha decay

A
57
Q

beta plus decay is also known as….

A

positron emission

58
Q

beta plus decay

A
59
Q

beta minus decay is also known as….

A

electron emission

60
Q

beta minus decay

A
61
Q

positron definition

A

a particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge

62
Q

gamma emission

A

no change in the mass or atomic number

63
Q

what types of molecules can pass through the cell membrane via simple difussion?

A

small nonpolar/hydrophobic molecule

64
Q

what types of molecules need can NOT pass through the cell membrane via simple difussion?

A

large molecules or any hydrophilic molecules/ions

65
Q

ions tend to be … (hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

A

hydrophilic

they interact when with water given their overall charges (either negative or positive)

66
Q

what makes a carbon chiral?

A

it must have 4 unique substituents (groups)

any carbon that is part of a double bond cannot be chiral

67
Q

Gibb’s Free energy change for an entire reaction with multiple steps will be…

A

the sum of the change in energy for each individual step

68
Q

Ohm’s Law equation

A

V = IR

voltage drop = current x resistance

69
Q

atomic size trend on periodic table

A
70
Q

ganglia

A

a collection of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

71
Q

ether structure

A
72
Q

which 3 atoms commonly bond with H to create polar dipoles

A

FON

(fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen)

73
Q

compounds that are hydrophobic are usually…

relating to fats

A

lipophilic

(fat loving)

74
Q
A
75
Q

micro

A

10 ^ -6

1 / million

76
Q

milli

A

10 ^ -3

1/1000

77
Q

nucleophiles are ——- species

A

electron rich

(if they love the nucleus, which is positive, they must be negative or have lots of electrons)

78
Q

alpha carbon

A

the first carbon atom that attaches to a functional group (such as a carbonyl)

79
Q

carboxylate

A

the conjugate base of carboxylic acid

Review (27 decks)

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