Help Me Chapter 2 Only First half

Question 1

Myelin sheath

Answer 1

Layer of fatty tissue that segmentally encases fibers of many neurons, and it enables greater transmission speed of neural impulses as they hop from node to node

Question 2

Action potential

Answer 2

A neural impulse, a brief electrical charge that travels down axon.

Question 3

Threshold

Answer 3

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

The junction between the axon tip of sending neuron and dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

Chemical messengers that travel synaptic gaps between neurons and bind to receptor site to influence whether a receiving neuron will fire

Question 6

Acetylcholine ACH

Answer 6

Neurotransmitter that enables learning, memory and triggers muscle contraction.
Alzheimer’s

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

Influences movement, learning, attention and emotion.

Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal.

Depression

Question 9

Endorphins

Answer 9

Natural, opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure

Question 10

Nervous system

Answer 10

Body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the PNS and CNS

Question 11

Central nervous system CNS

Answer 11

The brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Peripheral nervous system

PNS

Answer 12

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body

Question 13

Nerves

Answer 13

Neural cables that contain axons and connect the CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs

Question 14

Sensory neurons

Answer 14

Neurons that carry incoming information from the sense receptors to CNS

Question 15

Motor neurons

Answer 15

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 16

Interneurons

Answer 16

CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between sensory in puts and motor outputs

Question 17

Somatic nervous system

Answer 17

The division of the PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

Question 18

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 18

The part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs

Question 19

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Question 20

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy

Question 21

Reflex

Answer 21

A simple, automatic, inborn response to sensory stimulus

Question 22

Neural networks

Answer 22

Interconnected neural cells. With experience, networks can learn as feedback strengthens or inhibits connections that produce certain results

Question 23

Endocrine system

Answer 23

The body’s slow chemical communication system, a set of glands that secrete hormones into bloodstream

Question 24

Hormones

Answer 24

Chemical messengers, mostly ones made by endocrine glands, produced in one tissue and affect another

Question 25

Adrenal glands

Answer 25

Pair of endocrine glands above kidneys. Secretes hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, helps arouse body in times of stress

Question 26

Pituitary glands

Answer 26

Endocrine system most influential gland, under influence of hypothalamus, regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Question 27

Lesion

Answer 27

Tissue destruction, a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue

Question 28

EEG

Answer 28

Amplified recording of electrical brain waves across brains surface, measured by electrodes on scalp

Question 29

PET scan

Answer 29

Visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while brain functions

Question 30

MRI

Answer 30

Technique using magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images that distinguish different types of brain tissue and lets us see brain structures

Question 31

FMRI

Answer 31

Technique for revealing blood flow and brain activity by comparing successful MRI scans. Shows brain function

Question 32

Phrenology

Answer 32

Ill fated theory on how bumps on skull revealed mental abilities and character traits, franz gall

Question 33

Biological psychology

Answer 33

Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and psychological processes

Question 34

Neuron

Answer 34

A nerve cell, the basic building block of nervous system

Question 35

Dendrite

Answer 35

Bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receives messages and conducts impulses toward cell body

Question 36

Axon

Answer 36

Extension of neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons, muscles or glands