Chapter 15 Second Half, I Know Nothing Flashcards
Terror management theory
Proposes that faith in ones worldview and the pursuit of self esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
Humanistic perspective
A perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people
Abraham Maslow
Created the hierarchy of needs; helped form the humanistic perspective
Self-Actualization
According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential
Carl Rogers
A humanistic psychologist that believed in order for self-actualization to occur, the client must be surrounded by and be genuine, accepting, and empathetic
Unconditional positive regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
Self concept
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the questions of who we are
Trait perspective
A perspective that attempts to describe personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns and biological predispositions to how we feel and act
Trait
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Gordon allport
Trait perspective psychologist that came to define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns; more concerned with describing traits than explaining them
Factor analysis
The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
Personality inventory
A questionnaire of true-false questions on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
The most widely researched and clinically used personality test; originally developed with hundreds of questions to identify emotional disorders, but now used for many other purposes
Empirically Derived Test
A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
The big five
The universal dimensions that have much to say about your personality. Includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion
Social cognitive perspective
A perspective that views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons, their thinking, and their social context
Reciprocal determinism
The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
Personal control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
External locus control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determines one’s fate
Internal locus control
The perception that one controls one’s own fate
Martin seligman
Psychologist who studied how the goal of positive psychology is to measure, understand, and build human strengths and civic virtue
Learned helplessness
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Positive psychology
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
Spotlight effect
Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes
Self esteem
One’s feelings of high or low self-worth
Self serving bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably or more favorably than others
