Chapter 15 Second Half, I Know Nothing

Question 1

Terror management theory

Answer 1

Proposes that faith in ones worldview and the pursuit of self esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death

Question 2

Humanistic perspective

Answer 2

A perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

Question 3

Abraham Maslow

Answer 3

Created the hierarchy of needs; helped form the humanistic perspective

Question 4

Self-Actualization

Answer 4

According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Question 5

Carl Rogers

Answer 5

A humanistic psychologist that believed in order for self-actualization to occur, the client must be surrounded by and be genuine, accepting, and empathetic

Question 6

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 6

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Question 7

Self concept

Answer 7

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the questions of who we are

Question 8

Trait perspective

Answer 8

A perspective that attempts to describe personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patterns and biological predispositions to how we feel and act

Question 9

Trait

Answer 9

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports

Question 10

Gordon allport

Answer 10

Trait perspective psychologist that came to define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns; more concerned with describing traits than explaining them

Question 11

Factor analysis

Answer 11

The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together

Question 12

Personality inventory

Answer 12

A questionnaire of true-false questions on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Question 13

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Answer 13

The most widely researched and clinically used personality test; originally developed with hundreds of questions to identify emotional disorders, but now used for many other purposes

Question 14

Empirically Derived Test

Answer 14

A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Question 15

The big five

Answer 15

The universal dimensions that have much to say about your personality. Includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion

Question 16

Social cognitive perspective

Answer 16

A perspective that views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons, their thinking, and their social context

Question 17

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 17

The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors

Question 18

Personal control

Answer 18

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 19

External locus control

Answer 19

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determines one’s fate

Question 20

Internal locus control

Answer 20

The perception that one controls one’s own fate

Question 21

Martin seligman

Answer 21

Psychologist who studied how the goal of positive psychology is to measure, understand, and build human strengths and civic virtue

Question 22

Learned helplessness

Answer 22

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 23

Positive psychology

Answer 23

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

Question 24

Spotlight effect

Answer 24

Overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and mistakes

Question 25

Self esteem

Answer 25

One’s feelings of high or low self-worth

Question 26

Self serving bias

Answer 26

A readiness to perceive oneself favorably or more favorably than others