Back At It Again Second Half Help Flashcards
Brainstem
Security guards
The oldest part and central core of the brain, starts where spinal cord swells as it enters skull, responsible for automatic survival functions
Medulla
Castle
Base of brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing
Reticular formation
Rides
Nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
Hippocampus
Photo systems
Neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage
Pons
Part of the brainstem, helps coordinate movements and sleep
Cerebellum
Infrastructure
The “little brain” attached to rear of brainstem, it’s functions include processing sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance
Limbic system
A doughnut shaped system of neural structures at border of brainstem and cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives for those such as food and sex
Amygdala
Food booths
Two Lima bean sized neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion, specifically fear and aggression
Hypothalamus
Cast workers
Neural structure below the thalamus, it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion
Cerebral cortex
Intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres, the body’s ultimate control and information processing center
Glial cells
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons
Frontal lobes
Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead, involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and personality
Parietal lobes
Portion of cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the back, receives sensory input for touch and body position
Occipital lobes
Portion of cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head, includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from the opposite visual field
Temporal lobes
Portion of cerebral cortex that lays above the ears, includes the auditory areas, each of which receives information primarily from the opposite ear
Motor cortex
An area at the rear on the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movement
Sensory cortex
The area at the front of the parietal lobs that registers and processes body touch and movement sensation
Association areas
Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions, involved higher mental functions such as learning, thinking, remembering, and speaking
Phineus gage
Damaged dental lobe
Caused planning impairments and personality change but mental abilities stayed in fact such as memory, speech, recognition
Aphasia
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area or to wernickes area
Broca’s area
Controls language expression, area of frontal lobe usually in left hemisphere that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
Wernickes area
Controls language reception, a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression usually in left temporal lobe, interprets auditory code
Plasticity
The brains capacity for modification as evident in brain reorganization following brain damage (best in kids) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
Corpus callosum
Walkie talkies
The large band of neural fibers commenting the two hemispheres of the brain and carrying messages between them
Split brain
A procedure in which the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them
Thalamus
PA system
The brains sensory switchboard on top of brain stem. It directs messages to the sensory areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the medulla and cerebellum
