Chapter 17 No Time To Learn Flashcards
Psychotherapy
an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
Biomedical therapy
prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patients nervous system
Eclectic approach
an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Psychoanalysis
Freud’s therapeutic technique, Freud believed the patients free associations resistance dreams and transference and therapists interpretation of them, released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patients to gain self-insight
Sigmund freud
developed psychoanalysis (which was the first of the psychological therapies) Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood’s residue of repressed impulses and conflicts
Free association
in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind (no matter how trivial or embarrassing)
Resistance
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistance and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight
Transference
in psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (ex. love or hatred for a parent)
Client-Centered Therapy (Person-Centered Therapy)
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic, environment to facilitate clients growth
Carl Rogers
believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualization tendencies, believed that a growth-promoting climate required 3 conditions (genuiness, acceptance & empathy)
Active listening
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restated and clarifies (a feature of Roger’s client-centered therapy
Behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
Counter conditioning
a behavior therapy procedure that conditions how responses to stimuli that triggers unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning (includes exposure and aversive)
Exposure therapy
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treats anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actually) to the things they fear and avoid
Systematic desensitization
a type of Counterconditioning that associates a pleasant and relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli (commonly used to treat phobias)
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears (ex. spiders, flying in airplanes, or public speaking)
Aversive conditioning
a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking)
Token economy
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort of exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Cognitive therapies
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on the assumption that though intervene between events and our emotional reactions
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
Group Therapy
normally consists of 6-9 people attending a 90 minute session that can help more people and costs less (clients benefit from knowing others have similar problems)
Family therapy
therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communicstions
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
the therapist attempts to unlock and reprocess previous frozen traumatic memories (by waving a finger in front of the eyes of the client)
Psychopharmacolgy
the study of the effects of drugs on mind
Placebo effect
experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition which is assumed to be an active agent
Double blind procedure
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the researcher are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participant have received the treatment or placebo
Antipsychotic Drugs
dampen the responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli (thorazine and chlozaril)
Tardive Dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxin side effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 a dopamine receptors
Antianxiety
depress the central nervous system activity and in combination with psychotherapy (Xanax or Ativan)
Antidepressant Drugs
improve the mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake
Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors
(Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil) drugs that block the re uptake of serotonin
Lithium
a common salt, used to stabilize manic episodes in bipolar disorders, moderates the levels of norepinephrine and glutamate neurotransmitters
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
Lobotomy
a now rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
Regression toward the mean
The tendency for unusual events to return to their average state
Meta analysis
A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
Light exposure therapy
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) a form of depression, has been effectively treated by light closure therapy. Scientifically validated
