Chapter 17 No Time To Learn

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties

Question 2

Biomedical therapy

Answer 2

prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patients nervous system

Question 3

Eclectic approach

Answer 3

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Freud’s therapeutic technique, Freud believed the patients free associations resistance dreams and transference and therapists interpretation of them, released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patients to gain self-insight

Question 5

Sigmund freud

Answer 5

developed psychoanalysis (which was the first of the psychological therapies) Freud assumed that many psychological problems are fueled by childhood’s residue of repressed impulses and conflicts

Question 6

Free association

Answer 6

in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind (no matter how trivial or embarrassing)

Question 7

Resistance

Answer 7

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 8

Interpretation

Answer 8

in psychoanalysis, the analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistance and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

Question 9

Transference

Answer 9

in psychoanalysis, the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (ex. love or hatred for a parent)

Question 10

Client-Centered Therapy (Person-Centered Therapy)

Answer 10

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic, environment to facilitate clients growth

Question 11

Carl Rogers

Answer 11

believed that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualization tendencies, believed that a growth-promoting climate required 3 conditions (genuiness, acceptance & empathy)

Question 12

Active listening

Answer 12

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restated and clarifies (a feature of Roger’s client-centered therapy

Question 13

Behavior therapy

Answer 13

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Question 14

Counter conditioning

Answer 14

a behavior therapy procedure that conditions how responses to stimuli that triggers unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning (includes exposure and aversive)

Question 15

Exposure therapy

Answer 15

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treats anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actually) to the things they fear and avoid

Question 16

Systematic desensitization

Answer 16

a type of Counterconditioning that associates a pleasant and relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli (commonly used to treat phobias)

Question 17

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Answer 17

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulations of their greatest fears (ex. spiders, flying in airplanes, or public speaking)

Question 18

Aversive conditioning

Answer 18

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking)

Question 19

Token economy

Answer 19

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort of exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 20

Cognitive therapies

Answer 20

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on the assumption that though intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Question 21

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Answer 21

a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Question 22

Group Therapy

Answer 22

normally consists of 6-9 people attending a 90 minute session that can help more people and costs less (clients benefit from knowing others have similar problems)

Question 23

Family therapy

Answer 23

therapy that treats the family as a system, views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communicstions

Question 24

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer 24

the therapist attempts to unlock and reprocess previous frozen traumatic memories (by waving a finger in front of the eyes of the client)

Question 25

Psychopharmacolgy

Answer 25

the study of the effects of drugs on mind

Question 26

Placebo effect

Answer 26

experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition which is assumed to be an active agent

Question 27

Double blind procedure

Answer 27

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the researcher are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participant have received the treatment or placebo

Question 28

Antipsychotic Drugs

Answer 28

dampen the responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli (thorazine and chlozaril)

Question 29

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 29

involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxin side effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 a dopamine receptors

Question 30

Antianxiety

Answer 30

depress the central nervous system activity and in combination with psychotherapy (Xanax or Ativan)

Question 31

Antidepressant Drugs

Answer 31

improve the mood by elevating levels of serotonin by inhibiting reuptake

Question 32

Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors

Answer 32

(Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil) drugs that block the re uptake of serotonin

Question 33

Lithium

Answer 33

a common salt, used to stabilize manic episodes in bipolar disorders, moderates the levels of norepinephrine and glutamate neurotransmitters

Question 34

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 34

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Question 35

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)

Answer 35

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 36

Psychosurgery

Answer 36

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Question 37

Lobotomy

Answer 37

a now rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

Question 38

Regression toward the mean

Answer 38

The tendency for unusual events to return to their average state

Question 39

Meta analysis

Answer 39

A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Question 40

Light exposure therapy

Answer 40

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) a form of depression, has been effectively treated by light closure therapy. Scientifically validated