Chapter 8 Beanis

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Question 2

Associative learning

Answer 2

learning that certain events occur together

Question 3

Classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning process in which a NS becomes associated with meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

the view that psychology (1) should be objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes

Question 5

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 5

Russian physiologist (studied digestive system of dogs)

Question 6

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 6

produces a response without prior learning

Question 7

Unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 7

unlearned response that is automatically associated with the US

Question 8

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 8

previously the NS that elicits the conditioned response after being paired with the US

Question 9

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 9

stimulus that does not elicit any response

Question 10

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 10

learned response to the conditioned stimulus (CS)

Question 11

Acquisition

Answer 11

the pairing of the unconditional stimulus (US) and the neutral stimulus (NS) comes to elicit the conditioned response (CR)

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

the diminishing of a conditioned response (CR); occur in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus

Question 13

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 13

the conditioned response (CR) can appear without further condition

Question 14

Generalization

Answer 14

the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response (CR)

Question 15

Discrimination

Answer 15

learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others

Question 16

Taste Aversion

Answer 16

acquisition only takes one time because the response is so strong

Question 17

Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

Question 18

Respondent Behavior

Answer 18

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Question 19

Operant Behavior

Answer 19

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequence

Question 20

BF Skinner

Answer 20

behaviorism’s most influential and controversial figure (studied rats)

Question 21

Edward L. Thorndike

Answer 21

created the Law of Effect

Question 22

Law of Effect

Answer 22

rewarded behavior is likely to recur

Question 23

Shaping

Answer 23

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcement guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the deserved behavior

Question 24

Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)

Answer 24

a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking. (used in operant conditioning research)

Question 25

John Garcia

Answer 25

coined the term/study of taste aversion (studied with rats and sugar water)