Chapter 8 Beanis Flashcards
Learning
a relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience
Associative learning
learning that certain events occur together
Classical conditioning
learning process in which a NS becomes associated with meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response
Behaviorism
the view that psychology (1) should be objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes
Ivan Pavlov
Russian physiologist (studied digestive system of dogs)
Unconditioned stimulus (US)
produces a response without prior learning
Unconditioned response (UR)
unlearned response that is automatically associated with the US
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
previously the NS that elicits the conditioned response after being paired with the US
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
stimulus that does not elicit any response
Conditioned Response (CR)
learned response to the conditioned stimulus (CS)
Acquisition
the pairing of the unconditional stimulus (US) and the neutral stimulus (NS) comes to elicit the conditioned response (CR)
Extinction
the diminishing of a conditioned response (CR); occur in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus
Spontaneous Recovery
the conditioned response (CR) can appear without further condition
Generalization
the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response (CR)
Discrimination
learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others
Taste Aversion
acquisition only takes one time because the response is so strong
Operant Conditioning
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
Respondent Behavior
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
Operant Behavior
behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequence
BF Skinner
behaviorism’s most influential and controversial figure (studied rats)
Edward L. Thorndike
created the Law of Effect
Law of Effect
rewarded behavior is likely to recur
Shaping
an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcement guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the deserved behavior
Operant Chamber (Skinner Box)
a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water reinforcer, with attached devices to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking. (used in operant conditioning research)
John Garcia
coined the term/study of taste aversion (studied with rats and sugar water)
