Chapter 18 Second Half, Week From Hell Flashcards
In group
What people refer to as “us” - people with whom they share a common identity
Out group
What people refer to as “them” - those perceived as different or apart from one’s in group
In group bias
The tendency to favor one’s own group
Scapegoat theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Just world phenomenon
The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Frustration aggression principle
The principle that frustration caused by a blocked attempt to achieve a goal creates anger, which can generate aggression
Conflict
A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
Social trap
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Mere exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of the stimuli
Passionate love
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Companionate love
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Equity
A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
Self disclosure
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Bystander effect
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Social exchange theory
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not harm, the people who have previously helped them
Social responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them; the idea that people should help those who need help, such as children and the elderly
Superordinate goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
Grit
A strategy designed to decrease international tensions: Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction
