Chapter 18 Second Half, Week From Hell

Question 1

In group

Answer 1

What people refer to as “us” - people with whom they share a common identity

Question 2

Out group

Answer 2

What people refer to as “them” - those perceived as different or apart from one’s in group

Question 3

In group bias

Answer 3

The tendency to favor one’s own group

Question 4

Scapegoat theory

Answer 4

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 5

Just world phenomenon

Answer 5

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 6

Aggression

Answer 6

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 7

Frustration aggression principle

Answer 7

The principle that frustration caused by a blocked attempt to achieve a goal creates anger, which can generate aggression

Question 8

Conflict

Answer 8

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 9

Social trap

Answer 9

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 10

Mere exposure effect

Answer 10

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of the stimuli

Question 11

Passionate love

Answer 11

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another person, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Question 12

Companionate love

Answer 12

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Question 13

Equity

Answer 13

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 14

Self disclosure

Answer 14

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 15

Altruism

Answer 15

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 16

Bystander effect

Answer 16

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 17

Social exchange theory

Answer 17

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 18

Reciprocity norm

Answer 18

An expectation that people will help, not harm, the people who have previously helped them

Question 19

Social responsibility norm

Answer 19

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them; the idea that people should help those who need help, such as children and the elderly

Question 20

Superordinate goals

Answer 20

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

Question 21

Grit

Answer 21

A strategy designed to decrease international tensions: Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction