Chapter 11 This Sucks Much

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 2

Reification

Answer 2

Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing

Question 3

Factor analysis

Answer 3

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score

Question 4

Charles Spearman

Answer 4

Father of factor analysis and developed the concept of general intelligence

Question 5

General Intelligence

Answer 5

A factor that underlies all specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 6

L.L. Thurstone

Answer 6

This psychologist disagreed with Spearman and identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities

Analyzed not on a single scale, weak relationship,between clusters

Question 7

Howard Gardner

Answer 7

Supported Thurstone; studied brain damage and savant syndrome patients to identify 8 types of intelligences

Question 8

Savant Syndrome

Answer 8

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

Question 9

Robert Sternberg

Answer 9

Agrees with Gardner; father of triarchic theory, which distinguishes 3 types of intelligences

Question 10

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 10

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 11

Creativity

Answer 11

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 12

Intelligence Test

Answer 12

A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others using numerical scores

Question 13

Alfred Binet

Answer 13

Developed first intelligence test for France to identify slow learners who need special education

Question 14

Mental Age

Answer 14

A measure of intelligence performance created by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Question 15

Lewis Terman

Answer 15

Believed that intelligence scores should be used to produce a superior human race; created the Stanford-Binet Test

Question 16

Stanford-Binet

Answer 16

The widely used American revision, by Terman, of Binet’s original intelligence test; used for immigration laws

Question 17

Intelligence Quotient

Answer 17

Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100; average score is 100

Question 18

Aptitude Test

Answer 18

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; measures capacity to learn

Question 19

Achievement Test

Answer 19

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 20

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 20

Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests

Question 21

Standardization

Answer 21

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Question 22

The Flynn Effect

Answer 22

Average intelligence scores over time (decades) have been improving; linked to educational opportunities and nutrition

Question 23

Normal Curve

Answer 23

The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; average (most) scores in middle, and extremes on the end (few)

Question 24

Reliability

Answer 24

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Question 25

Validity

Answer 25

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Question 26

Content Validity

Answer 26

The extent to which a test covers the behavior that is of interest

Question 27

Criterion

Answer 27

The behavior that a test is designed to predict; the measure used in defining whether the test has validity

Question 28

Predictive Validity

Answer 28

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between scores and the criterion behavior

Question 29

Mental Retardation

Answer 29

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of below 70 as well as difficulty in adapting to the demands of life

Question 30

Down Syndrome

Answer 30

A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

Question 31

Stereotype Threat

Answer 31

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype