Chapter 18 First Half..life Falling Apart Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

the scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution theory

A

suggests how we explain someone’s behavior- by crediting either the situation or the person’s deposition

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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4
Q

Attitudes

A

feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to object people and events

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5
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed on to a small request to comply later wth a larger request

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6
Q

Philip Zimbardo-Standford Prison Experiment

A

a toxic situation triggered degrading behaviors among those assigned ro the guard role, while prisoners broke down mentally.

ended the experiment early and later admitted how the experiment failed

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7
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent

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8
Q

Conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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9
Q

The Asch Conformity Experiment

A

an experiment conducted by Solomon Asch consisting of a set of simple questions with clear-cut answers. After the first two questions, the third question has the same clear-cut answer.

however, the four men/women before you answer unanimously with the wrong answer and you go against the clear-cut evidence before you to conform with the others by answering with the incorrect response

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10
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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11
Q

Information Social Influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

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12
Q

Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Experiment

A

undertook social psychology’s most famous and controversial experiment.

consisted of two students participating in student and teacher roles where the student is strapped to an electric chair and has to answer a series of questions, every incorrect answer relieved a shock. The voltage increases after every incorrect answer and despite the agonizing cries of the student, the teacher will follow the experimenter’s orders despite their moral beliefs.

the student’s complied with social pressures 63% of the time.

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13
Q

Social facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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14
Q

Social Loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

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15
Q

Deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal anonymity

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16
Q

Group Polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group

17
Q

Groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

18
Q

Prejudice

A

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitudes toward a group and its members generally involves stereotyped beliefs. negative feelings and a predisposition to discriminatory action

19
Q

Stereotype

A

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) beliefs about a group of people

20
Q

Discrimination

A

unjustifiable negatives behavior toward a group its members