Chapter 5 Second Half FML

Question 1

Optic nerve

Answer 1

Nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Question 2

Blind spot

Answer 2

Point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

Question 3

Fovea

Answer 3

Central focal point in retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

Question 4

Feature detectors

Answer 4

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of stimulus, such as shape, angle or movement

Question 5

Parallel processing

Answer 5

Process of several aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions. Contrasts with step by step processing of most computers and conscious problem solving

Question 6

Blindsight

Answer 6

Ability to respond to visual information without consciously seeing it

Damage to primary visual cortex can say where object is but they say they can’t see it

Question 7

Young-helmholtz trichromatic (three color) theory

Answer 7

Theory that the retina contains three different color receptors
One most sensitive to red
One most sensitive to green
One most sensitive to blue
Which when stimulated in combination can produce the perception of any color

Question 8

Opponent-process theory

Answer 8

The theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yellow-blue, and white-black) enable color vision

Question 9

Color constancy

Answer 9

Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent colors even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Question 10

Audition

Answer 10

The sense or act of hearing

Question 11

Frequency

Answer 11

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Question 12

Pitch

Answer 12

Tones experienced highness or lowness, dependent on frequency

Question 13

Middle ear

Answer 13

Chamber between the ear drum and the cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’ oval window

Question 14

Cochlea

Answer 14

A coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 15

Cilia

Answer 15

Hair cell shape/structure that beat in unison to create movement, sends message to brain that we are hearing

Question 16

Inner ear

Answer 16

Innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

Question 17

Place theory

Answer 17

In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

Question 18

Frequency theory

Answer 18

In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses travels up the auditory nerve matches the frequency cycle of a tone, thus enabling us to sense it’s pitch

Question 19

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 19

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea

Question 20

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 20

Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves, also called nerve deafness

Question 21

Cochlear implant

Answer 21

Device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Question 22

Gate-control theory

Answer 22

Theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain

It opens by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain

Question 23

Sensory interaction

Answer 23

The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste

Question 24

Mcgurk effect

Answer 24

Sensory interaction can influence what we hear, if we see a speaker saying one syllabus, while hearing another, we may perceive a third syllable that blends both inputs

Question 25

Olfaction

Answer 25

The resulting experiences of smell

Question 26

Synesthesia

Answer 26

A phenomenon in individuals when one sort of sensation produces another

Question 27

Kinesthesis

Answer 27

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 28

Vestibular sense

Answer 28

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Question 29

Ganglion cells

Answer 29

Neurons that relay information from the retina to the brain via optic nerve

Question 30

Bipolar cells

Answer 30

Activated by rods and/or cones, which then activate ganglion cells

Question 31

Sensory compensation

Answer 31

If you lose taste sensation from one side of your tongue, you won’t notice because the other side will become correspondingly supersensitive

Question 32

Basilar membrane

Answer 32

Lined with hair cells that bend like wind through wheat field, triggers impulses in adjacent nerve fibers, which conjoin to form auditory nerve

Question 33

Semicircular canals and balance

Answer 33

Contain fluid that moves when we move, helps notify brain of head movement and keeps balance