Chapter 4 Part 1 ..I Just Wanna Poo

Question 1

Developmental psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

The fertilized egg: it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

Question 4

Fetus

Answer 4

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

are agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 6

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 6

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions

Question 7

Rooting reflex

Answer 7

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

Question 8

Habituation

Answer 8

is decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

Question 9

Maturation

Answer 9

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 10

Jean Piaget

Answer 10

Famous developmental psychologist. Studied children. Studied four development stages

Question 11

Schemas

Answer 11

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

Interpreting ones new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

Adapting one’s current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information

Question 14

Cognition

Answer 14

All the mental activities associated with thinking knowing remembering and communicating

Question 15

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 15

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Question 16

Object permanence

Answer 16

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 17

Conservation

Answer 17

The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

Question 18

Pre operational stage

Answer 18

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 19

Egocentrism

Answer 19

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty in taking another’s point of view

Question 20

Theory of mind

Answer 20

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict

Question 21

Autism

Answer 21

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others’ states of mind

Question 22

Concrete operation stage

Answer 22

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (6-7 to 11) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 23

Formal operation stage

Answer 23

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 24

Stranger anxiety

Answer 24

is the fear of strangers that develops at around 8 months. This is the age at which infants form schemas for familiar faces and cannot assimilate a new face

Question 25

Mary ainsworth

Answer 25

was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in early emotional attachment with the Strange Situation design, as well as her work in the development of attachment theory

Question 26

Attachment

Answer 26

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 27

Secure statement

Answer 27

Placed in a strange situation, 60% of children express secure attachment, i.e., they explore their environment happily in the presence of their mothers. When their mother leave, they show distress

Question 28

Insecure attachment

Answer 28

The other 30% show insecure attachment. These children cling to their mothers or caregivers and are less likely to explore the environment