Healthcare & Education (T1) Flashcards
What did access to healthcare depend on before 1911?
Depended on wealth - wealthy could afford and poor would use ineffective self-medication
Who would treat the poor before 1911?
Workhouse infirmaries, if not they would rely on friendly societies
What did friendly societies offer?
Affordable health insurance schemes, take small amount of money but pay a lot when people needed help, often went bankrupt
What would happen if the friendly society collapsed?
Poor left without any health care options
When was the National Insurance Act?
1911
Who introduced the National Insurance Act?
Liberal Government
What did the National Insurance Act provide?
Compulsory health insurance for workers earning under £160 a year
Who helped pay for the National Insurance Act?
Employer, employee and government, provided sick pay and free medical treatment
How many industries did the National Insurance Act cover?
Only 6 industries, not include families (women and children)
What were the Government expected to do for healthcare?
- Develop hospitals and rationing
- Leading role in healthcare provision
- Spending and coordination was important
- Investments in medical advancements
What did the WW1 uncover about health?
Poor standard of health, 40% men declared unfit for combat
Why was the MInistry of Health established?
Coordinate healthcare
When was the Ministry of Health
1919
What was the problem with the Ministry of Health?
Lacked authority and political will to change healthcare system
What happened to Medical services after Ministry of Health?
Medical services like School Medicine Service and Factory Health Inspectorate were still controlled by other authorities
What happened to insurance companies after WW1?
Growth in large insurance companies
What % of health insurance did insurance companies manage?
75%
By 1937 how many workers were covered by state health insurance?
18 million workers
By 1938 what % of the population was insured?
43%
What were GPs?
First resort for medical care
What did patients have to do when going to GP?
Pay for consultation and medicine
What was the distribution of GPs?
Unevenly distributed, more in wealthy areas
When would the poor go to GPs?
As a last resort, altruistic GPs would offer the services at lower price to those who desperate
When NHS was launched what were doctors shocked by?
Patients has issues like rotting teeth and untreated hernias, due to not being able to afford treatment
What were the best hospitals?
Teaching hospitals
How many teaching hospitals were there?
12 in London and 10 in provinces
How did teaching hospitals run?
Relied on wealthy donations
What were voluntary hospitals like?
Small and less finacially secure, deep financial trouble
How many voluntary hospitals were there?
1,100
When was the Local Government Act passed?
1929
What did the Local Government Act do to hospitals?
Poor law hospitals were converted to local hospitals by the government
What was the local government responsible for?
- Running key healthcare services e.g dentistry and schools’ medical services
- Coordinating healthcare provision
How many hospital beds were provided by England and Wales by 1938?
75,00 general hospital beds
