Healthcare & Education (T1)

Question 1

What did access to healthcare depend on before 1911?

Answer 1

Depended on wealth - wealthy could afford and poor would use ineffective self-medication

Question 2

Who would treat the poor before 1911?

Answer 2

Workhouse infirmaries, if not they would rely on friendly societies

Question 3

What did friendly societies offer?

Answer 3

Affordable health insurance schemes, take small amount of money but pay a lot when people needed help, often went bankrupt

Question 4

What would happen if the friendly society collapsed?

Answer 4

Poor left without any health care options

Question 5

When was the National Insurance Act?

Answer 5

1911

Question 6

Who introduced the National Insurance Act?

Answer 6

Liberal Government

Question 7

What did the National Insurance Act provide?

Answer 7

Compulsory health insurance for workers earning under £160 a year

Question 8

Who helped pay for the National Insurance Act?

Answer 8

Employer, employee and government, provided sick pay and free medical treatment

Question 9

How many industries did the National Insurance Act cover?

Answer 9

Only 6 industries, not include families (women and children)

Question 10

What were the Government expected to do for healthcare?

Answer 10

• Develop hospitals and rationing
• Leading role in healthcare provision
• Spending and coordination was important
• Investments in medical advancements

Question 11

What did the WW1 uncover about health?

Answer 11

Poor standard of health, 40% men declared unfit for combat

Question 12

Why was the MInistry of Health established?

Answer 12

Coordinate healthcare

Question 13

When was the Ministry of Health

Answer 13

1919

Question 14

What was the problem with the Ministry of Health?

Answer 14

Lacked authority and political will to change healthcare system

Question 15

What happened to Medical services after Ministry of Health?

Answer 15

Medical services like School Medicine Service and Factory Health Inspectorate were still controlled by other authorities

Question 16

What happened to insurance companies after WW1?

Answer 16

Growth in large insurance companies

Question 17

What % of health insurance did insurance companies manage?

Answer 17

75%

Question 18

By 1937 how many workers were covered by state health insurance?

Answer 18

18 million workers

Question 19

By 1938 what % of the population was insured?

Answer 19

43%

Question 20

What were GPs?

Answer 20

First resort for medical care

Question 21

What did patients have to do when going to GP?

Answer 21

Pay for consultation and medicine

Question 22

What was the distribution of GPs?

Answer 22

Unevenly distributed, more in wealthy areas

Question 23

When would the poor go to GPs?

Answer 23

As a last resort, altruistic GPs would offer the services at lower price to those who desperate

Question 24

When NHS was launched what were doctors shocked by?

Answer 24

Patients has issues like rotting teeth and untreated hernias, due to not being able to afford treatment

Question 25

What were the best hospitals?

Answer 25

Teaching hospitals

Question 26

How many teaching hospitals were there?

Answer 26

12 in London and 10 in provinces

Question 27

How did teaching hospitals run?

Answer 27

Relied on wealthy donations

Question 28

What were voluntary hospitals like?

Answer 28

Small and less finacially secure, deep financial trouble

Question 29

How many voluntary hospitals were there?

Answer 29

1,100

Question 30

When was the Local Government Act passed?

Answer 30

1929

Question 31

What did the Local Government Act do to hospitals?

Answer 31

Poor law hospitals were converted to local hospitals by the government

Question 32

What was the local government responsible for?

Answer 32

• Running key healthcare services e.g dentistry and schools’ medical services
• Coordinating healthcare provision

Question 33

How many hospital beds were provided by England and Wales by 1938?

Answer 33

75,00 general hospital beds