Effect of WW2 on Welfare (T2) Flashcards
When was the emergency medical service introduced?
1939
Why was the emergency medical service introduced?
To treat casualties of the Blitz in WW2
It was a national emergency healthcare system
What was the role of the emergency medical service?
Don’t answer this I need the rewrite it
Resources were “pooled” and the attitude of the medical profession changed
They were persuaded by the government funding for resources during this time and a boost in their wages.
What was the impact of the emergency medical service?
More people than ever before gained access to healthcare
By the end of the war, the NEHS was treating civilians & evacuated children
More people became sympathetic to the idea of a nationalised health system.
When was the Beveridge report written?
1942
What was the Beveridge report?
A report that called for welfare to be centralised, regulated by the government and funded by a single insurance payment.
What did the Beveridge report create?
A system based on no means testing
At the same time “dependence” on government handouts.
What was the impact of the beveridge report?
It presented a concrete plan for post-war reconstruction of British society and captured the clear feeling of the time that the war was being fought to deliver a better world. An inclusive welfare system would be part of this.
When was the Butler act?
1944
What was the Butler act?
The plan to tackle the giant of “ignorance”.
What did the Butler act change?
- School leaving age was raised to 15 in 1947; Secondary education was made free for everyone
- There would be no fees for attending grammar schools
- There would be T-Schools, Secondary Modern Schools and Grammar Schools.
What was the impact of the Butler act?
- Very few T-Schools were built because of the cost - only 5% of children attended.
- Modern Schools gave general education and only 20% received a highly academic grammar school education.
How did total war boost universalist solutions?
It affected all, it prompted total solutions such as:
- Universal rationing
- Provision of communal bomb shelters
This boosted universalist solutions rather than selective solutions
What were the reasons during WW2 that caused a shift in attitudes among politicians and the public?
- Universalist approach during total war
- Sacrifices made during the war
- Evacuation of children
- State directed war economy
- Government having to borrow money
- Wartie government having to cooperate
How did sacrifices made during the war (i.e. rationing) change attitudes in society?
The sacrifices made led to the public expecting a just reward
There were several discussions of the fair shares that should continue into peacetimes
What did the evacuation of city children during WW2 show?
The evacuation of city children to the countryside showed the extent of poverty in the city
How did the evacuation of children contribute to change after WW2?
The evacuation showed the extent of the poverty in the city - this contributed to the acceptance of the need for change
How did the success of a state directed war economy during WW2 change attitudes in society?
It increased political and popular belief in the political state intervention to improve people’s’ lives after the war
How was Keynesian economics proven to work during WW2?
The war forced the government to borrow + spend large sums of money in pursuit of victory - Keynes’s economic theory was proven to work
How did WW2 change the government’s attitudes?
The war forced a wartime government + led to a greater deal of co-operation over war-time policy
White papers of 1944 was the basis of the 1946 National Insurance Act - this helped to promote conservative acceptance of the act
When was the Beveridge report written?
Dec 1942
Who wrote the Beveridge Report?
William Beveridge
Who was William Beveridge?
A liberal politician with an interest in social reform
June 1941 - he was appointed to head a government committee to investigate welfare provisions + recommend improvements
Why was the Beveridge report set up?
- Set up on Churchill’s request
- Partly to predict future developments
- Tories did not want a repeat of their broken promise of ‘homes fit for heroes’ after WW1
- Clear feeling the war being fought to deliver a better world and more systematic, inclusive welfare system was fundemental
