Growth of youth culture, 1955-79 (4b) Flashcards

1
Q

In which generation did youth culture take place?

A

Baby boomers generation; after WW2 there was a great influx of births.

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2
Q

What decade was the baby boomers In their teenage years?

A

1950s

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3
Q

How could Teddy Boys be identified?

A

Teddy Boys could be identifies by slicked back hair, Edwardian jackets and drainpipe trousers.

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4
Q

What were teddy Boys associated with?

A

They ere associated with an extreme lack of deference and violence.

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5
Q

How were Teddy Boys related to racial violence?

A

As evidenced by the number of Teddy Boys presented at the Notting Riots Carnival in 1958.

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6
Q

What was the Notting Riots Carnival in 1958?

A

These attacks were launched by a frustrated white feeling of being ‘swamped’ by arrivals from the Caribbean and the initial television coverage seems to suggest it was a largely black violence by choosing to beam images of attacks on an overly aggressive police force buildings catching fire.

In reality, Teddy boys were instigated in the violence.

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7
Q

What were the two other social groups that emerged between the 1960s?

A

Mods and Rockers

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8
Q

What are mods identifies as?

A

Mods are identified as riding Vespas, Lambrettas and other motor scooters who’s originated from Italy.

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9
Q

What are Rockers identified as?

A

Rockers tended to identify more with the rock n’ roll culture, which was imported from the USA.

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10
Q

What happened in 1964?

A

In 1964, there were a series of fights between the two groups at seaside reports across the UK, including in Margate and Brighton. Over 100 arrests were made across both locations. This violence also found a home at football matches, where rival gangs of men used to gatherings as an excuse to fight. Gradually football hooliganism became part of Britain football culture and remained so throughout the 1980s, until he rebranding and marketing exercise that eventually gave birth to the Premier League in the early 1990s.

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11
Q

How was the violence in youth culture made worse?

A

The violence in youth culture was made worse by the face that mod culture mired into skinhead culture in the 1970s.

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12
Q

What did skinheads embrace?

A

Skinheads embraced a working class arrogance and hatred that merged with aggressive artistic impressions and in some cases people lashed out in actual violence.

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13
Q

What decade was there high point in football hooliganism?

A

1970s

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14
Q

Did football every become more respectable?

A

Although football became more ‘respectable’ in the interwar period, and violence went into decline, levels of disorder and public concern about them rose sharply in the 1960s, in connection with the number of other moral panics, relating to new young cultures and flowing racial tensions.

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15
Q

What did football stadiums become?

A

Football stadiums rapidly became identified as public spaces where large scale threatening trials displays and fights could be staged.

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16
Q

How was football violence in the 1960s compared to other European countries?

A

Football violence was considerably worse in many other European countries than in the UK.

In the early 1960s, the Football League sought to pull English teams. The territorial factor is widely accepted to be principal reason behind the particular rivalries between neighbouring teams and the susceptibility to violence of derby matches.

17
Q

What was introduced to football stadiums in 1990s?

A

all-seat stadiums

18
Q

What was the Heysel disaster of 1985?

A

A ‘charge’ of Liverpool fans at rival Juventus supporters caused a wall to collapse, resulting in 39 deaths.

English teams were banned from European club competitions until 1990, and during this time, substantial efforts were made by the police to bring the problem under control.

19
Q

What did most youth cults want to do to the elders?

A

Most youth cults wanted to shock their elders, and some simply took it too far.

20
Q

What are the causes of the social changed in youth culture?

A
  • People were more supportive by the government.
  • Less deferential attitudes helped by don in religious values and the Butler Act of 1944.
  • Baby boom after WW1
21
Q

What are the causes of the political change in youth culture?

A
  • Governments reluctance to legislate to protect the growing BAME community gave oxygen to youth racial violence.
  • Government inaction over inflation and economic problems in the 1970s increased youth dissatisfaction in that decade.
22
Q

What are the causes of the economic change in youth culture?

A
  • More money around through full employment and Hire-Purchase Act of 1955.
  • Economy grew by 40% in the Macmillan years making it easier fr young people to get casual work.
  • Businesses were keen to market themselves and take advantage of youth appetites for purchasing.
23
Q

What are the causes of cultural change in the youth culture?

A
  • Television / the satire boom modelled edginess, creativity, rebellion and less deferential attitudes.
  • New influence from music, television and film glamorised cultures and groups, spreading the ‘look’
    eg. Albert Finney on ‘Saturday Night, Sunday Morning’.
24
Q

When was the Hillborough disaster?

A

1989

25
Q

How many people died at Hillsborough?

A

96 people