GU Flashcards
Normal urinalysis values
RBC, WBC: less than 1 to 2
PH 4.5 to 8.0.
Specific gravity, 1.010-1.030
positive nitrites – UTI
Positive ketones – DKA, DM
what develops at the same time as kidneys?
Ears
Can be used to assess for abnormalities
Hypospadias
Urethral opening is underneath the surface of penis
Epispadias
Urethral opening above the tip of the penis
when can surgical correction be done for hypo/epispadias?
6 to 18 months
What should not be done at birth in preparation for surgical correction
circumcision
Extra skin used to repair
Postop care for surgical correction
Pressure dressing
Catheter
Double diaper
Avoid tub baths until stent out
How should a baby be held postop surgical correction
no straddle toys/sandbox
Avoid carrying on hip
cryptocordism
Testes located somewhere along or outside normal pathway
management of cryptocordism
Orchiopexy
Teach self exams
What are causes of Hydro nephrosis?
constipation
Tumors
Kidney stones
are small amounts of red blood cells expected postop of surgical correction
Yes, white blood cells are not
Vesicoureteral reflux
Regurgitation of urine from the bladder to your ureters and kidney
Leads to hypertension, renal insufficiency
primary VUR
Familial and outgrown
Result of incompetent, valvular mechanism
Alternate ureterovesicular Junction
secondary VUR
acquired
UTI, surgery, injury
when does VUR occur in girls?
After recurrent UTIs
2 to 3
when does VU are occur in boys?
After 1 to 2 UTIs
treatment for VUR
VCUG
Inject dye into bladder and watch urine flow for reflux
Antibiotics at night
Surgery
Preop VCUG
Antibiotics at night
Empty bladder completely
Have siblings screened
Good hygiene – wiping
Postop VCUG
stent care
Incisional pain
Antispasmodics
Prophylaxis antibiotics, one to two months
hernia
Protrusion of a portion of an organ through abdominal opening
diaphragmatic hernia
hole of abdominal contents through thoracic cavity
sx diaphragmatic hernia
Afterbirth – respiratory distress, cyanosis, scaphoid abdomen, impaired CO
tx diaphragmatic hernia
Immediate intubation
G.I. decompression
IV. Fluids, NPO.
Surgery
Preop surgery for diaphragmatic hernia
Sedation
Monitor temperature
I/O
* promote bonding
Postop treatment for diaphragmatic hernia
Ventilation
G.I. decompression
Monitor for acidosis
I/O
TPN, lipids
Sedation
Umbilical hernia
Umbilical vessels exit through abdominal wall
what should you teach the parents to do with an umbilical hernia?
Press down on it to make it flat
Feel for air and fluid-normal
inguinal hernia
Intestines protrude through abdominal wall
when does a hernia become bigger?
Crying
Straining
Coughing
UTI causes
- E. coli
Catheter
Constipation
Uncircumcised males - bubble baths
Decreased fluids
how to obtain a urine sample in an infant
In-N-Out cath
how to obtain a urine sample and older kids
Clean catch
prevention of UTI
wear cotton underwear
AVoid Tight clothes
No bubble baths
Schedule times to void
Avoid caffeine/colas
enuresis
Bedwetting
Greater than five years old
formula for holding urine
Age in years +2 ounces
Primary enuresis
Family tendency
Sleeping disorder
Decreased bladder capacity
secondary enuresis
Psychologic
UTI, DM
Abuse
Constipation
what to do to treat enuresis
Wait for maturation, usually outgrows by 10 years old
Rule out other causes
Keagle exercises
Moisture alarms
Limit fluids and irritants
Void before bed
when should be the only time pull ups are worn
at sleep overs
