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NUR 331 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Normal urinalysis values

A

RBC, WBC: less than 1 to 2
PH 4.5 to 8.0.
Specific gravity, 1.010-1.030

positive nitrites – UTI
Positive ketones – DKA, DM

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2
Q

what develops at the same time as kidneys?

A

Ears
Can be used to assess for abnormalities

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3
Q

Hypospadias

A

Urethral opening is underneath the surface of penis

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4
Q

Epispadias

A

Urethral opening above the tip of the penis

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5
Q

when can surgical correction be done for hypo/epispadias?

A

6 to 18 months

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6
Q

What should not be done at birth in preparation for surgical correction

A

circumcision
Extra skin used to repair

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7
Q

Postop care for surgical correction

A

Pressure dressing
Catheter
Double diaper
Avoid tub baths until stent out

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8
Q

How should a baby be held postop surgical correction

A

no straddle toys/sandbox
Avoid carrying on hip

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9
Q

cryptocordism

A

Testes located somewhere along or outside normal pathway

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10
Q

management of cryptocordism

A

Orchiopexy
Teach self exams

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11
Q

What are causes of Hydro nephrosis?

A

constipation
Tumors
Kidney stones

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12
Q

are small amounts of red blood cells expected postop of surgical correction

A

Yes, white blood cells are not

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13
Q

Vesicoureteral reflux

A

Regurgitation of urine from the bladder to your ureters and kidney

Leads to hypertension, renal insufficiency

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14
Q

primary VUR

A

Familial and outgrown
Result of incompetent, valvular mechanism
Alternate ureterovesicular Junction

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15
Q

secondary VUR

A

acquired
UTI, surgery, injury

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16
Q

when does VUR occur in girls?

A

After recurrent UTIs
2 to 3

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17
Q

when does VU are occur in boys?

A

After 1 to 2 UTIs

18
Q

treatment for VUR

A

VCUG
Inject dye into bladder and watch urine flow for reflux

Antibiotics at night
Surgery

19
Q

Preop VCUG

A

Antibiotics at night
Empty bladder completely
Have siblings screened
Good hygiene – wiping

20
Q

Postop VCUG

A

stent care
Incisional pain
Antispasmodics
Prophylaxis antibiotics, one to two months

21
Q

hernia

A

Protrusion of a portion of an organ through abdominal opening

22
Q

diaphragmatic hernia

A

hole of abdominal contents through thoracic cavity

23
Q

sx diaphragmatic hernia

A

Afterbirth – respiratory distress, cyanosis, scaphoid abdomen, impaired CO

24
Q

tx diaphragmatic hernia

A

Immediate intubation
G.I. decompression
IV. Fluids, NPO.
Surgery

25
Q

Preop surgery for diaphragmatic hernia

A

Sedation
Monitor temperature
I/O
* promote bonding

26
Q

Postop treatment for diaphragmatic hernia

A

Ventilation
G.I. decompression
Monitor for acidosis
I/O
TPN, lipids
Sedation

27
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Umbilical vessels exit through abdominal wall

28
Q

what should you teach the parents to do with an umbilical hernia?

A

Press down on it to make it flat
Feel for air and fluid-normal

29
Q

inguinal hernia

A

Intestines protrude through abdominal wall

30
Q

when does a hernia become bigger?

A

Crying
Straining
Coughing

31
Q

UTI causes

A
  • E. coli
    Catheter
    Constipation
    Uncircumcised males
  • bubble baths
    Decreased fluids
32
Q

how to obtain a urine sample in an infant

A

In-N-Out cath

33
Q

how to obtain a urine sample and older kids

A

Clean catch

34
Q

prevention of UTI

A

wear cotton underwear
AVoid Tight clothes
No bubble baths
Schedule times to void
Avoid caffeine/colas

35
Q

enuresis

A

Bedwetting
Greater than five years old

36
Q

formula for holding urine

A

Age in years +2 ounces

37
Q

Primary enuresis

A

Family tendency
Sleeping disorder
Decreased bladder capacity

38
Q

secondary enuresis

A

Psychologic
UTI, DM
Abuse
Constipation

39
Q

what to do to treat enuresis

A

Wait for maturation, usually outgrows by 10 years old
Rule out other causes
Keagle exercises
Moisture alarms
Limit fluids and irritants
Void before bed

40
Q

when should be the only time pull ups are worn

A

at sleep overs

NUR 331 (27 decks)

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