GU

Question 1

Normal urinalysis values

Answer 1

RBC, WBC: less than 1 to 2
PH 4.5 to 8.0.
Specific gravity, 1.010-1.030

positive nitrites – UTI
Positive ketones – DKA, DM

Question 2

what develops at the same time as kidneys?

Answer 2

Ears
Can be used to assess for abnormalities

Question 3

Hypospadias

Answer 3

Urethral opening is underneath the surface of penis

Question 4

Epispadias

Answer 4

Urethral opening above the tip of the penis

Question 5

when can surgical correction be done for hypo/epispadias?

Answer 5

6 to 18 months

Question 6

What should not be done at birth in preparation for surgical correction

Answer 6

circumcision
Extra skin used to repair

Question 7

Postop care for surgical correction

Answer 7

Pressure dressing
Catheter
Double diaper
Avoid tub baths until stent out

Question 8

How should a baby be held postop surgical correction

Answer 8

no straddle toys/sandbox
Avoid carrying on hip

Question 9

cryptocordism

Answer 9

Testes located somewhere along or outside normal pathway

Question 10

management of cryptocordism

Answer 10

Orchiopexy
Teach self exams

Question 11

What are causes of Hydro nephrosis?

Answer 11

constipation
Tumors
Kidney stones

Question 12

are small amounts of red blood cells expected postop of surgical correction

Answer 12

Yes, white blood cells are not

Question 13

Vesicoureteral reflux

Answer 13

Regurgitation of urine from the bladder to your ureters and kidney

Leads to hypertension, renal insufficiency

Question 14

primary VUR

Answer 14

Familial and outgrown
Result of incompetent, valvular mechanism
Alternate ureterovesicular Junction

Question 15

secondary VUR

Answer 15

acquired
UTI, surgery, injury

Question 16

when does VUR occur in girls?

Answer 16

After recurrent UTIs
2 to 3

Question 17

when does VU are occur in boys?

Answer 17

After 1 to 2 UTIs

Question 18

treatment for VUR

Answer 18

VCUG
Inject dye into bladder and watch urine flow for reflux

Antibiotics at night
Surgery

Question 19

Preop VCUG

Answer 19

Antibiotics at night
Empty bladder completely
Have siblings screened
Good hygiene – wiping

Question 20

Postop VCUG

Answer 20

stent care
Incisional pain
Antispasmodics
Prophylaxis antibiotics, one to two months

Question 21

hernia

Answer 21

Protrusion of a portion of an organ through abdominal opening

Question 22

diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 22

hole of abdominal contents through thoracic cavity

Question 23

sx diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 23

Afterbirth – respiratory distress, cyanosis, scaphoid abdomen, impaired CO

Question 24

tx diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 24

Immediate intubation
G.I. decompression
IV. Fluids, NPO.
Surgery

Question 25

Preop surgery for diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 25

Sedation Monitor temperature I/O * promote bonding

Question 26

Postop treatment for diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 26

Ventilation G.I. decompression Monitor for acidosis I/O TPN, lipids Sedation

Question 27

Umbilical hernia

Answer 27

Umbilical vessels exit through abdominal wall

Question 28

what should you teach the parents to do with an umbilical hernia?

Answer 28

Press down on it to make it flat Feel for air and fluid-normal

Question 29

inguinal hernia

Answer 29

Intestines protrude through abdominal wall

Question 30

when does a hernia become bigger?

Answer 30

Crying Straining Coughing

Question 31

UTI causes

Answer 31

* E. coli Catheter Constipation Uncircumcised males * bubble baths Decreased fluids

Question 32

how to obtain a urine sample in an infant

Answer 32

In-N-Out cath

Question 33

how to obtain a urine sample and older kids

Answer 33

Clean catch

Question 34

prevention of UTI

Answer 34

wear cotton underwear AVoid Tight clothes No bubble baths Schedule times to void Avoid caffeine/colas

Question 35

enuresis

Answer 35

Bedwetting Greater than five years old

Question 36

formula for holding urine

Answer 36

Age in years +2 ounces

Question 37

Primary enuresis

Answer 37

Family tendency Sleeping disorder Decreased bladder capacity

Question 38

secondary enuresis

Answer 38

Psychologic UTI, DM Abuse Constipation

Question 39

what to do to treat enuresis

Answer 39

Wait for maturation, usually outgrows by 10 years old Rule out other causes Keagle exercises Moisture alarms Limit fluids and irritants Void before bed

Question 40

when should be the only time pull ups are worn

Answer 40

at sleep overs