GI Pt2 Flashcards

1
Q

GERD

A

Passive transfer of gastric contents into esophagus

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2
Q

What causes infants to get GERD?

A

Lower esophageal sphincter is more relaxed in infants

CNS probs

Developmental exaggerated reflux-spitting up

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3
Q

Risk factors increasing risk of GERD

A

Premature
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Esophageal scar tissue
Neuro disorders
Scoliosis
Asthma
Cystic fibrosis

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4
Q

infant sx GERD

A

spitting up
Hematemesis
Melena
Intermittent vomiting
Back arching
ALTE/apnea
Aspiration, pneumonia

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5
Q

children sx GERD

A

heartburn, chest pain
Anemia
Aspiration, pneumonia
Chronic cough
Difficulty swallowing

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6
Q

Tx GERD

A

UGI, 24 hour
PH probe
Endoscopy, labs

Antacids
PPI
Prokinetic meds

surgery – nissen fundoplication

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7
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Circular muscle of pylorus becomes thick, causing obstruction of gastric outlet

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8
Q

Is the cause of HPS known?

A

no, genetic component

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9
Q

Who is HPS more likely in?

A

males

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10
Q

what is the hallmark sign for HPS?

A

Projectile vomiting
Olive shaped mass

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11
Q

tx HPS

A

pyloromyotomy
Hydration

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12
Q

intussusception

A

Invagination/telescoping of one portion of intestine to another

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13
Q

Who is most common to get intussusception?

A

6 to 9 months
Male
Cystic fibrosis patients

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14
Q

What is most likely the cause of intussusception?

A

90% idiopathic

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15
Q

s/sx intussusception

A

spasm pain
Paroxysmal abdomen
draws knee to chest
Sausage shaped mass URQ
currant, jelly stools
Tender Abd

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16
Q

dx intussusception

A

Free air enema
X-ray

17
Q

tx intussusception

A

Nonsurgical hydrostatic reduction
Surgical reduction and resection
Air/barium enema
NG tube
Antibiotics
Hydration

18
Q

celiac disease

A

Gluten sensitivity, inability to digest
Chronic inflammation of small intestine Mucosa
Atrophy to intestinal villi
Malabsorption

Accumulation of toxic substances that damage mucosal surface and interfere with absorption of nutrients

19
Q

sx celiac disease

A

secondary deficiency – anemia, rickets
Watery, pale, foul smell stool
Anorexia, muscle wasting

20
Q

dx celiac disease

A

jujunal biopsy
Elevated endomysial, and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies

21
Q

tx celiac disease

A

eliminate barley, wheat, Rye, oats
Increase calories and protein
Decrease fat
Supplemental Iron and vitamins

22
Q

short bowel syndrome

A

Malabsorption disorder
Result of decreased mucosal surface area
Increase transit time for intestinal continents

23
Q

causes of short bowel syndrome

A

Congenital abnormalities
Ischemia, trauma
Large segment resection

24
Q

tx short bowel syndrome

A

TPN
Lipids
IVF

25
Q

acute appendicitis

A

Inflammation of veriform appendix
Obstruction of lumen of appendix

26
Q

is appendicitis common less than two years old

A

No

27
Q

s/sx appendicitis

A

colic pain – RLQ
McBurney’s point
Rebound tenderness
Sudden release of pain – rupture

28
Q

What would a fever indicate with appendicitis?

A

perforation

> 102

29
Q

tx appendicitis

A

Appendectomy

30
Q

T/F enemas and heating pads should be used with appendicitis patients

A

False

31
Q

T/F the patient should wait for the surgeon to release them for sports

A

True, about 4 to 6 weeks

32
Q

Meckel diverticulum

A

Fibrous band, connecting small intestine to umbilicus

33
Q

Who is this more common in?

A

males

34
Q

s/sx diverticulum

A

Painless rectal bleeding
Abdominal pain
Hematochezia – currant jelly stool
Intussusception

35
Q

dx diverticulum

A

Radio nuclear imaging

36
Q

tx diverticulum

A

surgical removal
IVF
NG – LWS