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NUR 331 > Cognitive/NeuroMusc > Flashcards

Cognitive/NeuroMusc Flashcards

1
Q

what IQ level is considered a cognitive impairment

A

Less than 70 to 75

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2
Q

what is another name for down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

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3
Q

What occurs with down syndrome?

A

Third copy of 21st chromosome

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4
Q

what is a risk factor of down syndrome?

A

Older, maternal age

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5
Q

s/sx down syndrome

A

Lower inner epicanthal folds
Depressed nasal bridge
Small nose
High arched palate
Protruding tongue
Simian crease
Wide gate
Floppy

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6
Q

what are the two main associated illnesses with down syndrome?

A

CHD
Leukemia

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7
Q

autism spectrum disorder sx

A

abnormal eye Contact
failure to smile at two months
Lack of imitation
No joint attentiveness

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8
Q

Communication issues with autism

A

Delayed speech
Expressive aphasia
Humming, grunting
echolalia

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9
Q

Behavioral issues with autism

A

repetitive fixations
Rocking back-and-forth
Flapping hands
Spin, twirl
Self injury

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10
Q

what are good ways to manage autistic patients

A

Simple, nonverbal, communication
Dim lights
Limit people in the room
Ask parent best way to talk
Communication boards
Limit waiting time

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11
Q

should you tell an autistic patient what to do or what not to do?

A

What to do

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12
Q

T/F, you should use figures of speech when talking to autistic patients

A

False

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13
Q

ADHD

A

inattentiveness
Impulsiveness
Hyperactivity

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14
Q

when is ADHD usually diagnosed

A

Around second grade
Boys more likely

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15
Q

What are the associated problems with ADHD?

A

depression, anxiety
School, academic problems
Conduct disorders, defiant

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16
Q

treatment for ADHD

A

Behavioral psychotherapy
Psychostimulants

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17
Q

nursing Care related to drug therapy for ADHD

A

Give AT breakfast and noon time
Give on empty stomach
No drug holidays

Distraction free periods
Set timers for tasks
Fidget toys

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18
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Permanent non-progressive disorder of the brain affecting activity limits

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19
Q

how to diagnose cerebral palsy

A

Thorough exam evaluating milestones

Most diagnosed as failure to meet milestones
Persistent, primitive reflexes

20
Q

sx cerebral palsy

A

floppy/limp body structure
Uses one side of body only
Feeding difficulty, drooling
Persistent tongue reflex
Ataxia
writhing movements

21
Q

when does hypotonic cerebral palsy occur in children?

A

At birth

22
Q

when does hypertonic cerebral palsy occur in children?

A

Greater than one year old

23
Q

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A

spastic

Scissoring, toe walking

24
Q

what are common associated problems with cerebral palsy?

A

Bowel and bladder incontinence
Contractions
Feeding difficulty – G-tube

25
Q

treatment for cerebral palsy

A

PT, OT, speech therapy
Botox
Assistive devices

Meds - symptomatic

26
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

Inherited chronic muscle weakness

Duchenne

27
Q

T/F only females are affected

A

False, females are the carriers, but males are affected

28
Q

early onset of symptoms for muscular dystrophy

A

Regress in milestones
Difficulty running, climbing stairs

29
Q

what is Gowers sign?

A

The child is unable to stand up from sitting down without having to utilize ankles, knees and torso

30
Q

Pseudo hypertrophy

A

fat infiltration

31
Q

at what age do muscular dystrophy patients lose the ability to ambulate

A

10 to 12 years old

32
Q

at what age do muscular dystrophy patient start to fully deteriorate

A

Around 27 years old

33
Q

complications of muscular dystrophy

A

Contractures
Atrophy
Obesity
Cardiac symptoms

34
Q

How to treat muscular dystrophy

A

maintain function in unaffected muscles
Cardiac – digoxin, diuretics
Respiratory – mechanical vent
Range of motion exercises

CT GaINAc transferase
Glutamine and creatine

35
Q

spina bifida

A

Malformation of spine in which vertebrae fails to close

Failure of neural plate to develop

36
Q

What is a common cause of spina bifida?

A

Low folic acid levels, vitamin B 12

37
Q

at what point of gestation does spina bifida normally occur in

A

Fourth week of gestation

38
Q

Occulta, spina bifida

A

No visible defects
Only vertebrae affected

39
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

External sac protrusion, visible

40
Q

Meningocele

A

encased spinal fluid and meninges
No neurodeficits

41
Q

Myelomeningocele

A

meninges, spinal fluid and nerves, trapped in external sac

42
Q

sx with Myelo meningocele

A

hydrocephalus – big head full of fluid, not able to drain
Bowel and bladder incontinence
Sunset eyes
Poor muscle tone

43
Q

what is a priority, nursing intervention with hydrocephalus?

A

Measure head circumference regularly

44
Q

Preop for spina bifida

A

Sterile, nonadhesive dressing
Place on belly prone
Avoid rectal temp
NPO
Catheter placement

45
Q

Postop spina bifida care

A

vital signs, weight, I/O
Keep prone
Clean intermittent cath
Bowel training
enema, fiber, laxatives
Head circumference, and fontanelle measurements

46
Q

What type of environment should be maintained for these young spina bifida patients?

A

Latex free

NUR 331 (27 decks)

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