Cognitive/NeuroMusc

Question 1

what IQ level is considered a cognitive impairment

Answer 1

Less than 70 to 75

Question 2

what is another name for down syndrome?

Answer 2

Trisomy 21

Question 3

What occurs with down syndrome?

Answer 3

Third copy of 21st chromosome

Question 4

what is a risk factor of down syndrome?

Answer 4

Older, maternal age

Question 5

s/sx down syndrome

Answer 5

Lower inner epicanthal folds
Depressed nasal bridge
Small nose
High arched palate
Protruding tongue
Simian crease
Wide gate
Floppy

Question 6

what are the two main associated illnesses with down syndrome?

Answer 6

CHD
Leukemia

Question 7

autism spectrum disorder sx

Answer 7

abnormal eye Contact
failure to smile at two months
Lack of imitation
No joint attentiveness

Question 8

Communication issues with autism

Answer 8

Delayed speech
Expressive aphasia
Humming, grunting
echolalia

Question 9

Behavioral issues with autism

Answer 9

repetitive fixations
Rocking back-and-forth
Flapping hands
Spin, twirl
Self injury

Question 10

what are good ways to manage autistic patients

Answer 10

Simple, nonverbal, communication
Dim lights
Limit people in the room
Ask parent best way to talk
Communication boards
Limit waiting time

Question 11

should you tell an autistic patient what to do or what not to do?

Answer 11

What to do

Question 12

T/F, you should use figures of speech when talking to autistic patients

Answer 12

False

Question 13

ADHD

Answer 13

inattentiveness
Impulsiveness
Hyperactivity

Question 14

when is ADHD usually diagnosed

Answer 14

Around second grade
Boys more likely

Question 15

What are the associated problems with ADHD?

Answer 15

depression, anxiety
School, academic problems
Conduct disorders, defiant

Question 16

treatment for ADHD

Answer 16

Behavioral psychotherapy
Psychostimulants

Question 17

nursing Care related to drug therapy for ADHD

Answer 17

Give AT breakfast and noon time
Give on empty stomach
No drug holidays

Distraction free periods
Set timers for tasks
Fidget toys

Question 18

Cerebral palsy

Answer 18

Permanent non-progressive disorder of the brain affecting activity limits

Question 19

how to diagnose cerebral palsy

Answer 19

Thorough exam evaluating milestones

Most diagnosed as failure to meet milestones
Persistent, primitive reflexes

Question 20

sx cerebral palsy

Answer 20

floppy/limp body structure
Uses one side of body only
Feeding difficulty, drooling
Persistent tongue reflex
Ataxia
writhing movements

Question 21

when does hypotonic cerebral palsy occur in children?

Answer 21

At birth

Question 22

when does hypertonic cerebral palsy occur in children?

Answer 22

Greater than one year old

Question 23

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

Answer 23

spastic

Scissoring, toe walking

Question 24

what are common associated problems with cerebral palsy?

Answer 24

Bowel and bladder incontinence
Contractions
Feeding difficulty – G-tube

Question 25

treatment for cerebral palsy

Answer 25

PT, OT, speech therapy Botox Assistive devices Meds - symptomatic

Question 26

muscular dystrophy

Answer 26

Inherited chronic muscle weakness Duchenne

Question 27

T/F only females are affected

Answer 27

False, females are the carriers, but males are affected

Question 28

early onset of symptoms for muscular dystrophy

Answer 28

Regress in milestones Difficulty running, climbing stairs

Question 29

what is Gowers sign?

Answer 29

The child is unable to stand up from sitting down without having to utilize ankles, knees and torso

Question 30

Pseudo hypertrophy

Answer 30

fat infiltration

Question 31

at what age do muscular dystrophy patients lose the ability to ambulate

Answer 31

10 to 12 years old

Question 32

at what age do muscular dystrophy patient start to fully deteriorate

Answer 32

Around 27 years old

Question 33

complications of muscular dystrophy

Answer 33

Contractures Atrophy Obesity Cardiac symptoms

Question 34

How to treat muscular dystrophy

Answer 34

maintain function in unaffected muscles Cardiac – digoxin, diuretics Respiratory – mechanical vent Range of motion exercises CT GaINAc transferase Glutamine and creatine

Question 35

spina bifida

Answer 35

Malformation of spine in which vertebrae fails to close Failure of neural plate to develop

Question 36

What is a common cause of spina bifida?

Answer 36

Low folic acid levels, vitamin B 12

Question 37

at what point of gestation does spina bifida normally occur in

Answer 37

Fourth week of gestation

Question 38

Occulta, spina bifida

Answer 38

No visible defects Only vertebrae affected

Question 39

spina bifida cystica

Answer 39

External sac protrusion, visible

Question 40

Meningocele

Answer 40

encased spinal fluid and meninges No neurodeficits

Question 41

Myelomeningocele

Answer 41

meninges, spinal fluid and nerves, trapped in external sac

Question 42

sx with Myelo meningocele

Answer 42

hydrocephalus – big head full of fluid, not able to drain Bowel and bladder incontinence Sunset eyes Poor muscle tone

Question 43

what is a priority, nursing intervention with hydrocephalus?

Answer 43

Measure head circumference regularly

Question 44

Preop for spina bifida

Answer 44

Sterile, nonadhesive dressing Place on belly prone Avoid rectal temp NPO Catheter placement

Question 45

Postop spina bifida care

Answer 45

vital signs, weight, I/O Keep prone Clean intermittent cath Bowel training enema, fiber, laxatives Head circumference, and fontanelle measurements

Question 46

What type of environment should be maintained for these young spina bifida patients?

Answer 46

Latex free