Acquired cardiac Flashcards
Bacterial endocarditis
Inflammation process resulting from infection of valves and inner lining of heart
what increases the risk of getting bacterial endocarditis?
Dental procedures
Surgery
Transplant
Intracardiac lines
CHD
Acquired heart defect
Cause of bacterial endocarditis
Strep viridans
Staph aureus
patho of bacterial endocarditis
organism enters, bloodstream from area of localized infection, and grows on endocardium
Vegetations, fibrin deposits, and platelet thrombi form
Lesions may invade adjacent tissues, or break off and embolize
s/sx bacterial endocarditis
Positive blood culture
New heart murmur
Petechiae
Janeway spots
osler Nodes
Splinter hemorrhages
are osler nodes painful, or painless
painful
Janeway spots are painless
treatment for bacterial endocarditis
Long-term antibiotics – 2 to 8 weeks
how to prevent bacterial endocarditis
Prophylactic antibiotics, one hour before major surgery
rheumatic fever
Systemic, inflammatory disease
Follows group a beta hemolytic, strep infection
Auto immune reaction to strep antibodies
what is inflammatory, hemorrhagic bullous lesions, blisters that are formed from RF
ascoff bodies
what is the main valve that is damaged from RF
Mitral valve
which criteria is used to diagnose RF
Jones criteria
Two. Major.
One major, two minor
s/sx RF
chorea
erythema marginatum
Arthralgia, polyarthritis
Elevated ASO titer
Hot painful joints
what is chorea
Involuntary irregular spastic movements of extremities
Mainstay of treatment for RF
aspirin
Steroids
Bedrest
when should you call the HCP while on aspirin therapy?
If child develops a cold, begins to get sick
Kawasaki disease
acute systemic vasculitis
Inflamed blood vessel walls
is the cause of Kawasaki’s disease truly known
No
s/sx Kawasaki disease
Pink eye without exudate
Cracked lips
Patchy rash
Peeling skin
Strawberry tongue
Fever
What is interesting about the fever with Kawasaki disease?
it is unresponsive to medication and lasts greater than five days
T/F Kawasaki disease is self limiting without treatment
True
sub acute phase of Kawasaki disease
10 to 35 days
Vasculitis
Increased platelet count
what is the most dangerous phase of Kawasaki disease?
Convalescent
At risk for MI, emboli
Not being monitored
treatment for Kawasaki disease
High dose aspirin until no fever 2 to 3 days
Low-dose, aspirin for antiplatelet effects, long-term
IVIG
when should IVIG be used?
Within 10 days of fever starting
symptom relief care
Non-scented lotion
Soft cloth
Clear liquids and soft foods
Mouth care
discharge teaching for Kawasaki disease
Avoid live vaccines
Take meds as ordered fully
Don’t peel skin
Self limit activities
Primary hypertension
No known cause
secondary hypertension causes
Renal disease
Coarctation of aorta
Steroids
Birth control
Obesity
Adrenal disorders
Does hypertension go by specific number values?
no, measured by age, gender, and weight
SVT
200 to 300 BPM
Regular rhythm
SVT causes
Over-the-counter cough medication’s
Sudafed
tx SVT
vagal maneuver
Valsalva maneuver, rectal temp
Ice to face
Adenosine
Carotid massage
Synchronized cardioversion
Ablation
Digoxin
is sinus arrhythmia normal in school age children or preschool age
school-age
Have child hold breath to regulate
Cardiomyopathy
myocardial abnormality
Impairs the Contractility of cardiac muscles
What type of cardiac Cath is more common in kids?
Right cardiac Cath
Pre-cardiac Cath care
assessment – height, weight
Mark pulses
Allergies – iodine based
Symptoms of infection
NPO six hours
Clarify, a.m. meds
IV access
Post, cardiac Cath care
Color, LOC
VITAL SIGNS, RESPIRATORY STATUS
Pulses distal to site
Dressing- blood?
Hypoglycemia
T/F pulses distal to the site maybe weak within the first few hours
True this is normal
what position should the leg remain post cath?
straight
Body flat
discharge teaching for cardiac Cath
Pressure dressing for 24 hours
No tub bath for 48 hours
Rest that night, resume normal activity next day
differences of cardiac system in children
Ventricles, equal size at birth
Limited function capacity
Thin chest walls
Little to no sub Q, fat and muscle
what causes fetal shunts
Decreased maternal hormone prostaglandin E
Increased oxygen saturation
Pressure changes within heart
General symptoms of cardiac defects
Dyspnea
FTT
Strider/choking spells
Heart rate greater than 200
Respiratory rate greater than 60
recurrent RTI
Cyanosis
knee-chest
heart murmur
Excessive sweating
