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NUR 331 > Acquired cardiac > Flashcards

Acquired cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial endocarditis

A

Inflammation process resulting from infection of valves and inner lining of heart

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2
Q

what increases the risk of getting bacterial endocarditis?

A

Dental procedures
Surgery
Transplant
Intracardiac lines
CHD
Acquired heart defect

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3
Q

Cause of bacterial endocarditis

A

Strep viridans
Staph aureus

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4
Q

patho of bacterial endocarditis

A

organism enters, bloodstream from area of localized infection, and grows on endocardium

Vegetations, fibrin deposits, and platelet thrombi form

Lesions may invade adjacent tissues, or break off and embolize

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5
Q

s/sx bacterial endocarditis

A

Positive blood culture
New heart murmur
Petechiae
Janeway spots
osler Nodes
Splinter hemorrhages

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6
Q

are osler nodes painful, or painless

A

painful

Janeway spots are painless

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7
Q

treatment for bacterial endocarditis

A

Long-term antibiotics – 2 to 8 weeks

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8
Q

how to prevent bacterial endocarditis

A

Prophylactic antibiotics, one hour before major surgery

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9
Q

rheumatic fever

A

Systemic, inflammatory disease
Follows group a beta hemolytic, strep infection

Auto immune reaction to strep antibodies

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10
Q

what is inflammatory, hemorrhagic bullous lesions, blisters that are formed from RF

A

ascoff bodies

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11
Q

what is the main valve that is damaged from RF

A

Mitral valve

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12
Q

which criteria is used to diagnose RF

A

Jones criteria

Two. Major.
One major, two minor

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13
Q

s/sx RF

A

chorea
erythema marginatum
Arthralgia, polyarthritis
Elevated ASO titer
Hot painful joints

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14
Q

what is chorea

A

Involuntary irregular spastic movements of extremities

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15
Q

Mainstay of treatment for RF

A

aspirin
Steroids
Bedrest

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16
Q

when should you call the HCP while on aspirin therapy?

A

If child develops a cold, begins to get sick

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17
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

acute systemic vasculitis
Inflamed blood vessel walls

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18
Q

is the cause of Kawasaki’s disease truly known

A

No

19
Q

s/sx Kawasaki disease

A

Pink eye without exudate
Cracked lips
Patchy rash
Peeling skin
Strawberry tongue
Fever

20
Q

What is interesting about the fever with Kawasaki disease?

A

it is unresponsive to medication and lasts greater than five days

21
Q

T/F Kawasaki disease is self limiting without treatment

A

True

22
Q

sub acute phase of Kawasaki disease

A

10 to 35 days
Vasculitis
Increased platelet count

23
Q

what is the most dangerous phase of Kawasaki disease?

A

Convalescent

At risk for MI, emboli
Not being monitored

24
Q

treatment for Kawasaki disease

A

High dose aspirin until no fever 2 to 3 days

Low-dose, aspirin for antiplatelet effects, long-term

IVIG

25
Q

when should IVIG be used?

A

Within 10 days of fever starting

26
Q

symptom relief care

A

Non-scented lotion
Soft cloth
Clear liquids and soft foods
Mouth care

27
Q

discharge teaching for Kawasaki disease

A

Avoid live vaccines
Take meds as ordered fully
Don’t peel skin
Self limit activities

28
Q

Primary hypertension

A

No known cause

29
Q

secondary hypertension causes

A

Renal disease
Coarctation of aorta
Steroids
Birth control
Obesity
Adrenal disorders

30
Q

Does hypertension go by specific number values?

A

no, measured by age, gender, and weight

31
Q

SVT

A

200 to 300 BPM
Regular rhythm

32
Q

SVT causes

A

Over-the-counter cough medication’s
Sudafed

33
Q

tx SVT

A

vagal maneuver
Valsalva maneuver, rectal temp
Ice to face
Adenosine
Carotid massage
Synchronized cardioversion
Ablation
Digoxin

34
Q

is sinus arrhythmia normal in school age children or preschool age

A

school-age

Have child hold breath to regulate

35
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

myocardial abnormality
Impairs the Contractility of cardiac muscles

36
Q

What type of cardiac Cath is more common in kids?

A

Right cardiac Cath

37
Q

Pre-cardiac Cath care

A

assessment – height, weight
Mark pulses
Allergies – iodine based
Symptoms of infection
NPO six hours
Clarify, a.m. meds
IV access

38
Q

Post, cardiac Cath care

A

Color, LOC
VITAL SIGNS, RESPIRATORY STATUS
Pulses distal to site
Dressing- blood?
Hypoglycemia

39
Q

T/F pulses distal to the site maybe weak within the first few hours

A

True this is normal

40
Q

what position should the leg remain post cath?

A

straight
Body flat

41
Q

discharge teaching for cardiac Cath

A

Pressure dressing for 24 hours
No tub bath for 48 hours
Rest that night, resume normal activity next day

42
Q

differences of cardiac system in children

A

Ventricles, equal size at birth
Limited function capacity
Thin chest walls
Little to no sub Q, fat and muscle

43
Q

what causes fetal shunts

A

Decreased maternal hormone prostaglandin E

Increased oxygen saturation

Pressure changes within heart

44
Q

General symptoms of cardiac defects

A

Dyspnea
FTT
Strider/choking spells
Heart rate greater than 200
Respiratory rate greater than 60
recurrent RTI
Cyanosis
knee-chest
heart murmur
Excessive sweating

NUR 331 (27 decks)

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