Acquired cardiac

Question 1

Bacterial endocarditis

Answer 1

Inflammation process resulting from infection of valves and inner lining of heart

Question 2

what increases the risk of getting bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 2

Dental procedures
Surgery
Transplant
Intracardiac lines
CHD
Acquired heart defect

Question 3

Cause of bacterial endocarditis

Answer 3

Strep viridans
Staph aureus

Question 4

patho of bacterial endocarditis

Answer 4

organism enters, bloodstream from area of localized infection, and grows on endocardium

Vegetations, fibrin deposits, and platelet thrombi form

Lesions may invade adjacent tissues, or break off and embolize

Question 5

s/sx bacterial endocarditis

Answer 5

Positive blood culture
New heart murmur
Petechiae
Janeway spots
osler Nodes
Splinter hemorrhages

Question 6

are osler nodes painful, or painless

Answer 6

painful

Janeway spots are painless

Question 7

treatment for bacterial endocarditis

Answer 7

Long-term antibiotics – 2 to 8 weeks

Question 8

how to prevent bacterial endocarditis

Answer 8

Prophylactic antibiotics, one hour before major surgery

Question 9

rheumatic fever

Answer 9

Systemic, inflammatory disease
Follows group a beta hemolytic, strep infection

Auto immune reaction to strep antibodies

Question 10

what is inflammatory, hemorrhagic bullous lesions, blisters that are formed from RF

Answer 10

ascoff bodies

Question 11

what is the main valve that is damaged from RF

Answer 11

Mitral valve

Question 12

which criteria is used to diagnose RF

Answer 12

Jones criteria

Two. Major.
One major, two minor

Question 13

s/sx RF

Answer 13

chorea
erythema marginatum
Arthralgia, polyarthritis
Elevated ASO titer
Hot painful joints

Question 14

what is chorea

Answer 14

Involuntary irregular spastic movements of extremities

Question 15

Mainstay of treatment for RF

Answer 15

aspirin
Steroids
Bedrest

Question 16

when should you call the HCP while on aspirin therapy?

Answer 16

If child develops a cold, begins to get sick

Question 17

Kawasaki disease

Answer 17

acute systemic vasculitis
Inflamed blood vessel walls

Question 18

is the cause of Kawasaki’s disease truly known

Answer 18

No

Question 19

s/sx Kawasaki disease

Answer 19

Pink eye without exudate
Cracked lips
Patchy rash
Peeling skin
Strawberry tongue
Fever

Question 20

What is interesting about the fever with Kawasaki disease?

Answer 20

it is unresponsive to medication and lasts greater than five days

Question 21

T/F Kawasaki disease is self limiting without treatment

Answer 21

True

Question 22

sub acute phase of Kawasaki disease

Answer 22

10 to 35 days
Vasculitis
Increased platelet count

Question 23

what is the most dangerous phase of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 23

Convalescent

At risk for MI, emboli
Not being monitored

Question 24

treatment for Kawasaki disease

Answer 24

High dose aspirin until no fever 2 to 3 days

Low-dose, aspirin for antiplatelet effects, long-term

IVIG

Question 25

when should IVIG be used?

Answer 25

Within 10 days of fever starting

Question 26

symptom relief care

Answer 26

Non-scented lotion Soft cloth Clear liquids and soft foods Mouth care

Question 27

discharge teaching for Kawasaki disease

Answer 27

Avoid live vaccines Take meds as ordered fully Don’t peel skin Self limit activities

Question 28

Primary hypertension

Answer 28

No known cause

Question 29

secondary hypertension causes

Answer 29

Renal disease Coarctation of aorta Steroids Birth control Obesity Adrenal disorders

Question 30

Does hypertension go by specific number values?

Answer 30

no, measured by age, gender, and weight

Question 31

SVT

Answer 31

200 to 300 BPM Regular rhythm

Question 32

SVT causes

Answer 32

Over-the-counter cough medication’s Sudafed

Question 33

tx SVT

Answer 33

vagal maneuver Valsalva maneuver, rectal temp Ice to face Adenosine Carotid massage Synchronized cardioversion Ablation Digoxin

Question 34

is sinus arrhythmia normal in school age children or preschool age

Answer 34

school-age Have child hold breath to regulate

Question 35

Cardiomyopathy

Answer 35

myocardial abnormality Impairs the Contractility of cardiac muscles

Question 36

What type of cardiac Cath is more common in kids?

Answer 36

Right cardiac Cath

Question 37

Pre-cardiac Cath care

Answer 37

assessment – height, weight Mark pulses Allergies – iodine based Symptoms of infection NPO six hours Clarify, a.m. meds IV access

Question 38

Post, cardiac Cath care

Answer 38

Color, LOC VITAL SIGNS, RESPIRATORY STATUS Pulses distal to site Dressing- blood? Hypoglycemia

Question 39

T/F pulses distal to the site maybe weak within the first few hours

Answer 39

True this is normal

Question 40

what position should the leg remain post cath?

Answer 40

straight Body flat

Question 41

discharge teaching for cardiac Cath

Answer 41

Pressure dressing for 24 hours No tub bath for 48 hours Rest that night, resume normal activity next day

Question 42

differences of cardiac system in children

Answer 42

Ventricles, equal size at birth Limited function capacity Thin chest walls Little to no sub Q, fat and muscle

Question 43

what causes fetal shunts

Answer 43

Decreased maternal hormone prostaglandin E Increased oxygen saturation Pressure changes within heart

Question 44

General symptoms of cardiac defects

Answer 44

Dyspnea FTT Strider/choking spells Heart rate greater than 200 Respiratory rate greater than 60 recurrent RTI Cyanosis knee-chest heart murmur Excessive sweating