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NUR 331 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is meconium?

A

thick, green, black stool in newborns/infants

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2
Q

how long is swallowing an automatic reflex until

A

Six weeks

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3
Q

At what age can an infant begin to control swallowing

A

Six months

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4
Q

what weight percentile is considered failure to thrive?

A

Less than 5%

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5
Q

what are the priorities of treatment for failure to thrive patients

A

Feeding – timer, assistant programs
Daily weight , I/O
Follow routine and rhythm of eating

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6
Q

for failure to thrive patients should you allow the TV or other distractions to occur during feeding time?

A

No
Quiet, non-stimulating environment

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7
Q

can cleft palate/lip be unilateral?

A

Yes, or bilateral

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8
Q

causes of cleft palate/lip

A

Multifactorial inheritance
Teratogens – alcohol, Accutane, radiation
Maternal smoking

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9
Q

what kind of breathers are cleft palate patients?

A

Mouth breathers
Dry, mucous membranes

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10
Q

treatment for cleft palate/lip

A

Surgical correction – Z-plasty

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11
Q

T/F a surgical correction of a cleft palette can be done within the first few weeks of life

A

False, cleft lip

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12
Q

when can surgical correction be done for a cleft palate?

A

12 to 18 months

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13
Q

Breast-feeding, with cleft palette/lip

A

Upright
Special nipples – Harborman/pigeon
Pump
Burp frequently
Stimulate sucking reflex

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14
Q

what should the positioning of the infant be after a cleft palate operation?

A

On belly

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15
Q

can a cleft lip patient be placed on their belly?

A

No

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16
Q

esophageal atresia and trach fistula

A

Failure of esophagus to develop as continuous passage

Failure of trach and esophagus to separate

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17
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of TEF

A

choking, coughing, cyanosis

Frothy saliva

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18
Q

dx TEF

A

X-ray
passage of radiopaque catheter until obstruction

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19
Q

Ano rectal malformation treatment

A

Anal stenosis – manual dilations
Perineal fistulas – anoplasty
Extensive defects – colostomy
Imperforate anus – surgery in stages

20
Q

omphalocele

A

herniation of abdominal contents through umbilical ring
Intact peroneal sack

21
Q

gastroschisis

A

herniation of abdominal contents
No perineal sac

22
Q

what type of covering should be placed over the abdominal wall defects?

A

Loose covering with saline, soaked pads and plastic drape

Silo patch – compression

23
Q

how to monitor for an ileus post abdominal wall defects

A

Listen for bowel sounds

24
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Stool excess, diarrhea
Three or more watery stools per day
Increased in frequency
Decreased in consistency

25
Q

cause of gastroenteritis

A

1 viral- rotavirus, Nora virus

Bacterial
Protozoan

26
Q

bacterial signs and symptoms

A

Bloody diarrhea
Severe cramps
Malaise

27
Q

how is bacterial gastroenteritis caused?

A

fecal – oral transmission
Contaminated food

28
Q

Cause of constipation

A

structural disorder
Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Lead poisoning
Spinal cord lesions

29
Q

fiber formula

A

Age +5 = fiber needed in grams

Older than three years old

30
Q

How to stimulate motility for an infant with bottlefeeding

A

Add Karo syrup to bottle

31
Q

encopresis

A

Chronic constipation with soiling stool leaking around impaction

32
Q

cause of encopresis

A

Psychological trauma
Voluntary withholding

33
Q

management of encopresis

A

Bowel prep
MiraLAX – 6 to 12 months
bowel training

34
Q

what should be present when an infant uses the toilet?

A

Stool in front to relax sphincters

35
Q

hirschsprung disease

A

Congenital aganglionic megacolon

36
Q

Patho of HD

A

Absence of autonomic peristalsis in segments of the colon

Enlargement of bowel, proximal to defect

Mechanical obstruction from inadequate motility

37
Q

what is the most serious complication of HD?

A

Enterocolitis

38
Q

General sx HD

A

ischemia
Bloody diarrhea
Fever
Lethargy

39
Q

newborn sx HD

A

Failure to pass meconium within 48 hours
Food refusal
Bilious, vomiting
Abdominal distention

40
Q

infant sx HD

A

Poor weight gain
Constipation, diarrhea, vomiting
Abdominal distention

41
Q

older child sx HD

A

constipation
Ribbon like
Foul smell
Palpable fecal mass
Poor appetite
Abdominal distention

42
Q

dx HD

A

barium enema
Rectal biopsy
Anal rectal manometry

43
Q

Surgery options for HD

A

temporary colostomy
Soave Endorectal pull through

44
Q

Pre-op HD surgery

A

Measure abdominal girth daily
Note 1st BM
Bowel prep, anbx
Monitor hydration, f/e imbalance

45
Q

What type of enemas should be avoided pre-op?

A

Tap water enemas

46
Q

Post-op HD surgery

A

NG-LWS
NPO
I/0-losses
Abdominal assessment
Ostomy care

NUR 331 (27 decks)

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