Acute respiratory conditions Flashcards
differences in children
Smaller airway
Reliance on diaphragmatic/abdominal breathing
Distance between structures shorter – easier infection
pliability of ribs and sternum
Larynx and Glottis – higher in neck
fewer number of alveoli
higher metabolic rate
Ribs, downward slope
Normal RR for infants
30 to 40
normal RR for middle childhood
20 to 24
Normal RR for adolescence
16 to 18
sx respiratory distress
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Diaphoresis
Change in LOC
CO2 retention
Cyanosis – mouth
where can a pulse ox monitor be placed on a child?
foot
Ear
Fore head
Finger
interventions to ease respiratory efforts
positioning
Warm/cool mist
Bedrest
What is the top intervention to ease respiratory efforts?
saline drops with bulbs suction
T/F hot steam mist should be used
False
what is the top intervention to improve oxygenation?
Suctioning
what should be applied when using a nasal cannula for a child?
Apply hydration
Nasopharyngitis
Common cold
Causes of nasopharyngitis
rhinovirus
Adenovirus
Flu
paraFlu
Should ibuprofen be given to infants less than six months old
No, greater than six months
what value is considered a fever in infants?
100.4°
T/F a low-grade fever is detrimental and should be treated immediately
False, can be beneficial to fight off infection
T/F 2 year olds can receive over the counter medication’s
False, greater than three
what medication should be avoided when treating the common cold in kids?
Antihistamines
Antibiotics
Expectorants
tonsillitis
Commonly viral
What is an abnormal symptom of strep/pharyngitis seen in kids
Abdominal pain
what are the risks of strep, being untreated?
Acute rheumatic fever – 18 days
Acute glomerulonephritis – 10 days
treatment for strep
Antibiotics for 10 days
what should be taught for discharge with strep patients
New toothbrush – two days post antibiotics
Take all medication
Don’t drink after others
Gargle salt, water
Return to school 24 hours post antibiotics
Transmitted via saliva
tonsillectomy
Only indicated for recurrent, frequent strep, peritonsillar, abscess, sleep apnea
contraindications for tonsillectomy
Cleft palate
Acute infection
Uncontrolled systemic disease
Blood dyscrasias
Less than four years old
What is the hallmark sign of internal bleeding from a tonsillectomy?
Excessive swallowing
Nursing interventions post tonsillectomy
avoid straws, cough, laugh, cry, suctioning
No red Popsicles or sherbet
Listen to neck for stridor
is drooling OK after a tonsillectomy
Yes, blood tinged is normal
External otitis
swimmers. Ear.
Inflammation/infection of outer ear – auricle or a canal
Water is trapped by ear wax
Otitis media
Middle ear infection
acute inflammation, collection of fluid/pus
what is the most prevalent disease of early childhood?
Ear infections
risk factors of ear infections
eustachian tube more horizontal
Non-breast-fed infants
Exposure to smoke
Bottles in bed
unimmunized
Pacifier use
Family history
Allergic rhinitis
Winter time
Craniofacial anomalies
Who is more likely to get ear infections?
six months to 2 year olds
Boys
T/f most ear infections heal without treatment
True
Antibiotics can be given
Analgesics can be given
what is the form of treatment for chronic ear infections
PE tubes
Nursing Education with PE tubes
no diving, jumping, prolonged submersion
No swimming in lakes or rivers
Avoid pressure postop
Wear earplugs in pool
