Chronic respiratory Flashcards
asthma
Chronic inflammatory airway disorder
Airway, obstruction, bronchial, irritability, edema of mucous membrane
Congestion, in spasms of smooth muscles of bronchioles and bronchi
Patho of asthma
Hypersensitivity type one
IGE mediated – mast cells, release, histamine in leukotrienes to diffuse restricted airway
Accumulation of tenacious secretions
Asthma, triggers
stress
Pollution
Pets
Exercise
Pollen
Dust
Smoke
Cold air
Who is more likely to get asthma?
Males
African Americans
excessive ___ is just as much of a symptom of asthma as expiratory wheezing
Coughing
pulmonary function test
Forced vital capacity
Forced expiratory volume
Forced expiratory flow
Peak expiratory flow
optimal treatment for asthma
Environmental trigger control
Wash linens with hot water twice a week
Humidity of home 35 to 50%
Avoid cigarette smoke
what is hypo sensitization?
Allergy shots
drug therapy for asthma
Preventers – Inhaled corticosteroids two times a day
Relievers/rescue – short acting, beta-2 adrenergic agonist
what order should you take the drugs?
Take the reliever before the preventer
what is used when a child cannot properly breathe simply with the inhaler
A spacer or mask is used
teaching how to use an inhaler
Shake
Remove cap
Breathe out
Push down while breathing in
Hold 10 seconds
Let air out
Wait one minute between passes
Green zone
Does not need medication
80 to 100% of peak flow
yellow zone
Needs to take rescue, drug and reassess
50 to 79% of peak flow
Redzone
needs to go to the ER and take rescue drug
Less than 50% of peak flow
Cystic fibrosis
disruption of normal function of exocrine glands related to sodium/chloride transport via the CFTR
What does the disruption of the normal function of exocrine glands result in?
thick exocrine secretions
Impaired fluid excretion
bronchi affects
Obstruction
Chronic pneumonia
General obstructive emphysema
intestinal effects
meconium ileus
Obstruction
steatorrhea
Azotorrhea
Distended abdomen
pancreas effects
Malabsorption syndrome
Diabetes
achylia
bile duct effects
Cirrhosis
Portal, hypertension
ascites
G.I. bleeding
Jaundice
reproductive effects
males– 90% sterile
Females – 50% sterile
Delayed puberty
fluid losses
Electrolyte losses
Salty sweat
Dehydration
Hyponatremia
Heat stroke
dx cystic fibrosis
prenatal DNA analysis
Sweat chloride test
stool fecal fat
what confirm the diagnosis with a sweat chloride test?
> 60 mEq
what is the only form of treatment to add years onto the life and it’s not a cure?
Lung transplant
nutritional needs for cystic fibrosis patients
High calorie and proteins
Unrestricted fat – whole fat
Pancreatic enzymes
Fat, soluble, vitamins – a, D, E, K
isolation For CF patients
must wear a mask outside the room
Cannot be near other sick kids
what type of IV access will CF patients have
PICC line
Port-A-Cath
What should also be monitored and older children?
Blood glucose
When should the chest percussion vest be used?
before meals
At least Two times a day
what assessment finding can evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic enzymes?
Stool appearance
Who is CF most common in
Caucasians
what does it mean to be an autosomal recessive disorder?
Every child has a 25% chance of getting the disorder from the parents who have recessive genes
