Grammar Review: Present tense system by person & number – Thematic Flashcards

1
Q

स/सा भरति
‘he/she carries’

3rd Sg (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरति , भरते , भ्रियते
अभरत् , अभरत , अभ्रियत
भरेत् , भरेत , भ्रियेत
भरतु , भरताम् , भ्रियताम्

similar ending -tām → 3rd Du ‘they both’ in Impf/Pot/Imper

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2
Q

त्वं भरसि
‘you (alone) carry’

2nd Sg (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरसि , भरसे , भ्रियसे
अभरः , अभरथाः , अभ्रियथाः
भरेः , भरेथाः , भ्रियेथाः
भर , भरस्व , भ्रियस्व

similar to Mid/Pass Impf/Pot endings:
-taḥ → 3rd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘they both’
-thaḥ → 2rd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘you both’
-ta / -tha → 2nd Pl Act ‘you all’

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3
Q

अहं भरामि
‘I carry’

1st Sg (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरामि , भरे , भ्रिये
अभरम् , अभरे , अभ्रिये
भरेयम् , भरेय , भ्रियेय
भराणि , भरै , भ्रियै

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4
Q

ते/ताः भरन्ति
‘they all carry’

3rd Pl (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरन्ति , भरन्ते , भ्रियन्ते
अभरन् , अभरन्त , अभ्रियन्त
भरेयुः , भरेरन् , भ्रियेरन्
भरन्तु , भरन्ताम् , भ्रियन्ताम् (भ्रियन्तु)

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5
Q

यूयं भरथ
‘you all carry’

2nd Pl (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरथ , भरध्वे , भ्रियध्वे
अभरत , अभरध्वम्, अभ्रियध्वम्
भरेत , भरेध्वम् , भ्रियेध्वम्
भरत , भरध्वम् , भ्रियध्वम्

similar to active endings:
-taḥ → 3rd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘they both’
-thaḥ → 2rd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘you both’
-athāḥ → 2nd Sg Mid/Pass Impf/Pot ‘you alone’

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6
Q

वयं भरामः
‘we all carry’

1st Pl (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरामः , भरामहे , भ्रियामहे
अभराम , अभरामहि , अभ्रियामहि
भरेम , भरेमहि , भ्रियेमहि
भराम , भरामहै , भ्रियामहै

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7
Q

तौ/ते भरतः
‘they both carry’

3rd Du (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरतः , भरेते , भ्रियेते
अभरताम् , अभरेताम् , अभ्रियेताम्
भरेताम् , भरेयाताम् , भ्रियेयाताम्
भरताम् , भरेताम् , भ्रियेताम्

similar endings in 2nd Du ‘you both’ Impf / Pot / Imper
-tam → Active
-thām → Middle / Passive

similar endings -atām / -antām → 3rd Sg/Pl Mid/Pass Imperative

भरताम् → ‘may they both carry’ or ‘may he carry (for himself)’, i.e. 3rd Pers [Sg Mid] or [Du Act] Imperative

similar to Act Pres Ind ending:
-thaḥ → 2nd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘you both’
-athāḥ → 2nd Sg Mid/Pass Impf/Pot ‘you alone’
-ta / -tha → 2nd Pl Act ‘you all’

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8
Q

युवां भरथः
‘you both carry’

2nd Du (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरथः , भरेथे , भ्रियेथे
अभरतम् , अभरेथाम् , अभ्रियेथाम्
भरेतम् , भरेयाथाम् , भ्रियेयाथाम्
भरतम् , भरेथाम् , भ्रियेथाम्

similar ending -tām → 3rd Du ‘they both’ in Impf/Pot/Imper
similar endings -atām / -antām → 3rd Sg/Pl Mid/Pass Imperative

similar to Act Pres Ind ending:
-taḥ → 3rd Du Act Pres Indicative ‘they both’
-athāḥ → 2nd Sg Mid/Pass Impf/Pot ‘you alone’
-ta / -tha → 2nd Pl Act ‘you all’

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9
Q

आवां भरावः
‘we both carry’

1st Du (Act Mid Pass)×(Pres Impf Pot Imp)

A

भरावः , भरावहे , भ्रियावहे
अभराव , अभरावहि , अभ्रियावहि
भरेव , भरेवहि , भ्रियेवहि
भराव , भरावहै , भ्रियावहै

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