Genetic Code and Proteins Flashcards
How does the variety of protein shapes and functions arise?
Due to the sequence of amino acids.
Protein functions
Structural, hormones, enzymes, antibodies and recepeptors.
Gene
Section of DNA that codes for a protein
What determines the amino acid sequence in proteins?
Base sequence
Protein structure
The shape and structure of a
protein determines the function of that protein.
The genetic code (sequence of DNA bases) of an organism determines the order of amino acids and how a protein is folded into its 3D shape.
Primary structure
At the ribosome amino acids are linked by
peptide bonds to form polypeptides.
The primary sequence of a protein is the sequence in which the amino acids are synthesised into the polypeptide chain during translation.
3D Structure of the protein
When the polypeptide chains become coiled and folded
How is the 3D structure held together?
Held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions between amino acids.
Arrangement for a fibrous protein
Long Strands
Arrangement for globular proteins
Spherical shapes
How can amino acids be separated and identified?
Through the use of chromatography
Rf values can be used to identify amino acids-
Rf value = distance travelled by spot/ distance of solvent front
Gel electrophoresis
A laboratory method
used to separate mixtures of DNA or proteins
according to molecular size and charge. An electrical current can be passed
through the mixture which forces the molecules to move through a gel.
Rate of different sized molecules speed through the gel
Smaller molecules move at a faster rate and are therefore found to have moved further than larger molecules in a given period of time. Banding patterns on the gel can then be compared
