Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do high metabolic rates require efficient delivery of oxygen?

A

The rate of aerobic respiration must be higher, so there must be more oxygen present for this to be happen.

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2
Q

Order of metabolic rates of amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals

A

Birds and mammals have higher metabolic rates than amphibians and reptiles that have higher metabolic rates than fish

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3
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart - at high pressure.

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4
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels which exchange nutrients, gases and waste produce between the blood and tissue

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5
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood back to the heart - low pressure.

Prevent back flow of blood through the use of valves.

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6
Q

Chambers of heart

A

Atria and ventricles

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7
Q

Atria

A

Where blood enters the heart

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8
Q

Ventricles

A

Where blood leaves the heart

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9
Q

Circulatory systems in vertebrates

A

They have closed circulatory systems where the blood is contained in a continuous circuit of blood vessels and kept moving by muscular pump - heart.

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10
Q

Single circulatory system

A

When blood passes through the heart once for each passage of the body.
For example a fish has a single circulatory system

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11
Q

Single circulatory heart

A

Consist of two chambers - an atrium and a ventricle

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12
Q

Circulation in fish (pressures)

A

Flows to gills at high pressure but delivered to capillaries at low pressures.
Relatively primitive and inefficient

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13
Q

Double circulatory system

A

When blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit, pumped to blood at high pressures and pumped to lungs at high pressure ensuring vigorous flow.
More efficient than single circulatory syste,s

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14
Q

Animals that have incomplete double circulatory systems

A

Reptiles and amphibians

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15
Q

Incomplete double circulation system

A

Only one ventricle so mixing for the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood occurs

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16
Q

How does an amphibians circulation overcome mixing blood problem

A

Blood returning from the body has already been partially oxygenated from its moist skin.

17
Q

Animals that have complete double circulatory systems

A

Birds and mammals

18
Q

Complete double circulation

A

Heart has 4 chambers - 2 atria and 2 ventricles, blood passes through the heart twice during each complete circuit and there is no mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

19
Q

Benefits of complete double circulation

A

Oxygenated blood can be pumped out at a higher pressure, enabling more efficient oxygen delivery to cells